{"ID":62423,"name":"Schenck v. United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1900-1940\/249us47","view_count":0,"docket_number":"437","additional_docket_numbers":["438"],"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Charles Schenck","second_party":"United States","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-1608746400,-1608660000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53004"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-1604167200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53005"}],"lower_court":{"ID":146,"name":"Federal district court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/federal_district_court"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EDuring World War I, socialists Charles Schenck and Elizabeth Baer distributed leaflets declaring that the draft violated the Thirteenth Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude. The leaflets urged the public to disobey the draft, but advised only peaceful action. Schenck was charged with conspiracy to violate the Espionage Act of 1917 by attempting to cause insubordination in the military and to obstruct recruitment. Schenck and Baer were convicted of violating this law and appealed on the grounds that the statute violated the First Amendment.\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid Schenck\u0027s conviction under the Espionage Act for criticizing the draft violate his First Amendment right to freedom of speech?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Court held that the Espionage Act did not violate the First Amendment and was an appropriate exercise of Congress\u2019 wartime authority. Writing for a unanimous Court, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes concluded that courts owed greater deference to the government during wartime, even when constitutional rights were at stake. 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