{"ID":59420,"name":"Brown v. United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1957\/43","view_count":0,"docket_number":"43","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Stefena Brown","second_party":"United States","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-402170400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/47197"},{"event":"Reargued","dates":[-384807600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/51694"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-370980000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/47198"}],"lower_court":{"ID":11,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/11"},"facts_of_the_case":null,"question":null,"conclusion":null,"advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":25088,"name":"George W. Crockett, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/george_w_crockett_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Crockett,","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"george_w_crockett_jr"},"advocate_description":"for the petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/20975"},{"advocate":{"ID":40542,"name":"Ralph S. Spritzer","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/ralph_s_spritzer","view_count":0,"last_name":"Spritzer","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"ralph_s_spritzer"},"advocate_description":"for the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/20976"}],"oral_argument_audio":[{"id":13239,"title":"Oral Argument - April 04, 1957","public_note":null,"unavailable":null,"display_title":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_media\/oral_argument_audio\/13239"},{"id":13283,"title":"Oral Reargument - October 22, 1957","public_note":null,"unavailable":null,"display_title":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_media\/oral_argument_audio\/13283"}],"citation":{"volume":"356","page":"148","year":"1958","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_citation\/case_citation\/24202"},"decisions":[{"description":"A person cannot take the stand to testify in her own behalf and also claim the right to be free from cross-examination on matters raised by her own testimony on direct examination.","votes":[{"member":{"ID":15050,"name":"Felix Frankfurter","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/felix_frankfurter","view_count":0,"last_name":"Frankfurter","roles":[{"id":2694,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-975780000,"date_end":-231793200,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2694"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32706,"mime":"image\/png","size":45083,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/felix_frankfurter\/felix_frankfurter.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8611,"identifier":"felix_frankfurter"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"majority","joining":null,"seniority":3,"ideology":1.056,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/134064"},{"member":{"ID":15083,"name":"Tom C. Clark","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/tom_c_clark","view_count":0,"last_name":"Clark","roles":[{"id":2727,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-642366000,"date_end":-80679600,"appointing_president":"Harry S. Truman","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2727"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32771,"mime":"image\/png","size":50879,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/tom_c_clark\/tom_c_clark.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6501,"identifier":"tom_c_clark"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15050,"name":"Felix Frankfurter","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/felix_frankfurter","view_count":0,"last_name":"Frankfurter","roles":[{"id":2694,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-975780000,"date_end":-231793200,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2694"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32706,"mime":"image\/png","size":45083,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/felix_frankfurter\/felix_frankfurter.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8611,"identifier":"felix_frankfurter"}],"seniority":6,"ideology":0.654,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/134065"},{"member":{"ID":15097,"name":"John M. Harlan II","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_m_harlan2","view_count":0,"last_name":"Harlan","roles":[{"id":2741,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-465933600,"date_end":54450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2741"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32728,"mime":"image\/png","size":53784,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_m_harlan2\/john_m_harlan2.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6023,"identifier":"john_m_harlan2"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15050,"name":"Felix Frankfurter","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/felix_frankfurter","view_count":0,"last_name":"Frankfurter","roles":[{"id":2694,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-975780000,"date_end":-231793200,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2694"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32706,"mime":"image\/png","size":45083,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/felix_frankfurter\/felix_frankfurter.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8611,"identifier":"felix_frankfurter"}],"seniority":7,"ideology":1.409,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/134066"},{"member":{"ID":15127,"name":"Harold Burton","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/harold_burton","view_count":0,"last_name":"Burton","roles":[{"id":2772,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-765309600,"date_end":-354049200,"appointing_president":"Harry S. Truman","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2772"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32711,"mime":"image\/png","size":34138,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/harold_burton\/harold_burton.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":4760,"identifier":"harold_burton"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15050,"name":"Felix Frankfurter","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/felix_frankfurter","view_count":0,"last_name":"Frankfurter","roles":[{"id":2694,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-975780000,"date_end":-231793200,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2694"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32706,"mime":"image\/png","size":45083,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/felix_frankfurter\/felix_frankfurter.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8611,"identifier":"felix_frankfurter"}],"seniority":5,"ideology":1.139,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/134067"},{"member":{"ID":15082,"name":"Charles E. Whittaker","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/charles_e_whittaker","view_count":0,"last_name":"Whittaker","roles":[{"id":2726,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-403034400,"date_end":-244749600,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2726"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32700,"mime":"image\/png","size":50854,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/charles_e_whittaker\/charles_e_whittaker.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":1832,"identifier":"charles_e_whittaker"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15050,"name":"Felix Frankfurter","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/felix_frankfurter","view_count":0,"last_name":"Frankfurter","roles":[{"id":2694,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-975780000,"date_end":-231793200,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2694"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32706,"mime":"image\/png","size":45083,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/felix_frankfurter\/felix_frankfurter.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8611,"identifier":"felix_frankfurter"}],"seniority":9,"ideology":1.105,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/134068"},{"member":{"ID":15089,"name":"Hugo L. Black","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/hugo_l_black","view_count":0,"last_name":"Black","roles":[{"id":2733,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-1021489200,"date_end":53931600,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2733"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32719,"mime":"image\/png","size":51667,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/hugo_l_black\/hugo_l_black.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12447,"identifier":"hugo_l_black"},"vote":"minority","opinion_type":"dissent","joining":null,"seniority":2,"ideology":-2.231,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/134069"},{"member":{"ID":15099,"name":"Earl Warren","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/earl_warren","view_count":0,"last_name":"Warren","roles":[{"id":2743,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-512503200,"date_end":-16570800,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2743"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32704,"mime":"image\/png","size":50444,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/earl_warren\/earl_warren.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5740,"identifier":"earl_warren"},"vote":"minority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15089,"name":"Hugo L. Black","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/hugo_l_black","view_count":0,"last_name":"Black","roles":[{"id":2733,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-1021489200,"date_end":53931600,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2733"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32719,"mime":"image\/png","size":51667,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/hugo_l_black\/hugo_l_black.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12447,"identifier":"hugo_l_black"}],"seniority":1,"ideology":-1.58,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/134070"},{"member":{"ID":15107,"name":"William O. Douglas","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_o_douglas","view_count":0,"last_name":"Douglas","roles":[{"id":2751,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-969127200,"date_end":185004000,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2751"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32781,"mime":"image\/png","size":56651,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_o_douglas\/william_o_douglas.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":13358,"identifier":"william_o_douglas"},"vote":"minority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15089,"name":"Hugo L. Black","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/hugo_l_black","view_count":0,"last_name":"Black","roles":[{"id":2733,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-1021489200,"date_end":53931600,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2733"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32719,"mime":"image\/png","size":51667,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/hugo_l_black\/hugo_l_black.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12447,"identifier":"hugo_l_black"}],"seniority":4,"ideology":-5.024,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/134071"},{"member":{"ID":15140,"name":"William J. Brennan, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brennan","roles":[{"id":2786,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-416862000,"date_end":648450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2786"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32778,"mime":"image\/png","size":56873,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr\/william_j_brennan_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12330,"identifier":"william_j_brennan_jr"},"vote":"minority","opinion_type":"dissent","joining":null,"seniority":8,"ideology":-0.769,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/134072"}],"majority_vote":5,"minority_vote":4,"winning_party":"United States","decision_type":"majority opinion","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_decision\/case_decision\/8405"}],"first_party_label":"Petitioner","second_party_label":"Respondent","heard_by":[{"ID":15306,"name":"Warren Court (1957-1958)","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/warren6","view_count":0,"members":[{"ID":15099,"name":"Earl Warren","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/earl_warren","view_count":0,"last_name":"Warren","roles":[{"id":2743,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-512503200,"date_end":-16570800,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2743"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32704,"mime":"image\/png","size":50444,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/earl_warren\/earl_warren.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5740,"identifier":"earl_warren"},{"ID":15089,"name":"Hugo L. Black","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/hugo_l_black","view_count":0,"last_name":"Black","roles":[{"id":2733,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-1021489200,"date_end":53931600,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2733"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32719,"mime":"image\/png","size":51667,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/hugo_l_black\/hugo_l_black.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12447,"identifier":"hugo_l_black"},{"ID":15050,"name":"Felix Frankfurter","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/felix_frankfurter","view_count":0,"last_name":"Frankfurter","roles":[{"id":2694,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-975780000,"date_end":-231793200,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2694"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32706,"mime":"image\/png","size":45083,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/felix_frankfurter\/felix_frankfurter.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8611,"identifier":"felix_frankfurter"},{"ID":15107,"name":"William O. Douglas","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_o_douglas","view_count":0,"last_name":"Douglas","roles":[{"id":2751,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-969127200,"date_end":185004000,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2751"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32781,"mime":"image\/png","size":56651,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_o_douglas\/william_o_douglas.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":13358,"identifier":"william_o_douglas"},{"ID":15127,"name":"Harold Burton","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/harold_burton","view_count":0,"last_name":"Burton","roles":[{"id":2772,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-765309600,"date_end":-354049200,"appointing_president":"Harry S. Truman","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2772"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32711,"mime":"image\/png","size":34138,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/harold_burton\/harold_burton.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":4760,"identifier":"harold_burton"},{"ID":15083,"name":"Tom C. Clark","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/tom_c_clark","view_count":0,"last_name":"Clark","roles":[{"id":2727,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-642366000,"date_end":-80679600,"appointing_president":"Harry S. Truman","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2727"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32771,"mime":"image\/png","size":50879,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/tom_c_clark\/tom_c_clark.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6501,"identifier":"tom_c_clark"},{"ID":15097,"name":"John M. Harlan II","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_m_harlan2","view_count":0,"last_name":"Harlan","roles":[{"id":2741,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-465933600,"date_end":54450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2741"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32728,"mime":"image\/png","size":53784,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_m_harlan2\/john_m_harlan2.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6023,"identifier":"john_m_harlan2"},{"ID":15140,"name":"William J. Brennan, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brennan","roles":[{"id":2786,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-416862000,"date_end":648450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2786"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32778,"mime":"image\/png","size":56873,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr\/william_j_brennan_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12330,"identifier":"william_j_brennan_jr"},{"ID":15082,"name":"Charles E. Whittaker","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/charles_e_whittaker","view_count":0,"last_name":"Whittaker","roles":[{"id":2726,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-403034400,"date_end":-244749600,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2726"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32700,"mime":"image\/png","size":50854,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/charles_e_whittaker\/charles_e_whittaker.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":1832,"identifier":"charles_e_whittaker"}],"court_start":-403034400,"images":[{"id":12268,"mime":"image\/jpeg","size":26881,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/courts\/warren6.jpg"}],"identifier":"warren6"}],"decided_by":{"ID":15306,"name":"Warren Court (1957-1958)","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/warren6","view_count":0,"members":[{"ID":15099,"name":"Earl Warren","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/earl_warren","view_count":0,"last_name":"Warren","roles":[{"id":2743,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-512503200,"date_end":-16570800,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2743"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32704,"mime":"image\/png","size":50444,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/earl_warren\/earl_warren.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5740,"identifier":"earl_warren"},{"ID":15089,"name":"Hugo L. Black","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/hugo_l_black","view_count":0,"last_name":"Black","roles":[{"id":2733,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-1021489200,"date_end":53931600,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2733"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32719,"mime":"image\/png","size":51667,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/hugo_l_black\/hugo_l_black.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12447,"identifier":"hugo_l_black"},{"ID":15050,"name":"Felix Frankfurter","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/felix_frankfurter","view_count":0,"last_name":"Frankfurter","roles":[{"id":2694,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-975780000,"date_end":-231793200,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2694"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32706,"mime":"image\/png","size":45083,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/felix_frankfurter\/felix_frankfurter.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8611,"identifier":"felix_frankfurter"},{"ID":15107,"name":"William O. Douglas","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_o_douglas","view_count":0,"last_name":"Douglas","roles":[{"id":2751,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-969127200,"date_end":185004000,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2751"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32781,"mime":"image\/png","size":56651,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_o_douglas\/william_o_douglas.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":13358,"identifier":"william_o_douglas"},{"ID":15127,"name":"Harold Burton","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/harold_burton","view_count":0,"last_name":"Burton","roles":[{"id":2772,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-765309600,"date_end":-354049200,"appointing_president":"Harry S. Truman","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2772"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32711,"mime":"image\/png","size":34138,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/harold_burton\/harold_burton.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":4760,"identifier":"harold_burton"},{"ID":15083,"name":"Tom C. Clark","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/tom_c_clark","view_count":0,"last_name":"Clark","roles":[{"id":2727,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-642366000,"date_end":-80679600,"appointing_president":"Harry S. Truman","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2727"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32771,"mime":"image\/png","size":50879,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/tom_c_clark\/tom_c_clark.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6501,"identifier":"tom_c_clark"},{"ID":15097,"name":"John M. Harlan II","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_m_harlan2","view_count":0,"last_name":"Harlan","roles":[{"id":2741,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-465933600,"date_end":54450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2741"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32728,"mime":"image\/png","size":53784,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_m_harlan2\/john_m_harlan2.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6023,"identifier":"john_m_harlan2"},{"ID":15140,"name":"William J. Brennan, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brennan","roles":[{"id":2786,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-416862000,"date_end":648450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2786"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32778,"mime":"image\/png","size":56873,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr\/william_j_brennan_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12330,"identifier":"william_j_brennan_jr"},{"ID":15082,"name":"Charles E. Whittaker","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/charles_e_whittaker","view_count":0,"last_name":"Whittaker","roles":[{"id":2726,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-403034400,"date_end":-244749600,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2726"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32700,"mime":"image\/png","size":50854,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/charles_e_whittaker\/charles_e_whittaker.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":1832,"identifier":"charles_e_whittaker"}],"court_start":-403034400,"images":[{"id":12268,"mime":"image\/jpeg","size":26881,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/courts\/warren6.jpg"}],"identifier":"warren6"},"term":"1957","location":null,"opinion_announcement":null,"description":"In a denaturalization complaint, a person cannot take the stand to testify in her own behalf and also claim the right to be free from cross-examination on matters raised by her own testimony on direct examination.","written_opinion":[{"id":15239,"title":"Syllabus","author":null,"type":{"value":"syllabus","label":"Syllabus"},"justia_opinion_id":1941840,"justia_opinion_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/356\/148\/","judge_full_name":null,"judge_last_name":null,"title_overwrite":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_document\/written_opinion\/15239"},{"id":15240,"title":"View Case","author":null,"type":{"value":"case","label":null},"justia_opinion_id":1941841,"justia_opinion_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/356\/148\/","judge_full_name":null,"judge_last_name":null,"title_overwrite":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_document\/written_opinion\/15240"}],"related_cases":null,"justia_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/356\/148\/","argument2_url":null}