{"ID":59438,"name":"Rowoldt v. Perfetto","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1957\/5","view_count":0,"docket_number":"5","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Charles Rowoldt","second_party":"J.D. 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However, he contended that he should not be deported because he joined the Party to \u0022fight for his daily needs\u0022 and get \u0022something to eat and something to crawl into.\u0022 The Internal Security Act contained an exception for those who joined the Party to obtain food, employment, or other necessities of living. Rowolt also indicated that he was not aware that anyone in the Party supported violent overthrow of the government. Rowoldt sought a writ of habeas corpus from the District Court for the District of Minnesota, but his writ was denied because there was enough evidence to support his membership in the Party. The Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed the District Court\u0027s judgment.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EWas Rowoldt a member of the Communist Party within the definition of Internal Security Act of 1950?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In a 5-4 decision, Felix Frankfurter delivered the opinion of the court, holding that Rowoldt did not have a \u0022meaningful relationship\u0022 with the Communist Party as required by the Internal Security Act. The record was insufficient to support the order of deportation and the Supreme Court reversed the lower court decision. Justice John Marshall Harlan II dissented stating that he believed the record indicated that Rowoldt joined the Party knowing of its active political nature, regardless of whether he believed in violent overthrow of the government.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":21463,"name":"David Rein","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/david_rein","view_count":0,"last_name":"Rein","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"david_rein"},"advocate_description":"for the petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/20962"},{"advocate":{"ID":30227,"name":"Joseph Forer","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/joseph_forer","view_count":0,"last_name":"Forer","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"joseph_forer"},"advocate_description":"for the petitioner on reargument","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/20963"},{"advocate":{"ID":19265,"name":"Carl H. 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