{"ID":59737,"name":"Farmers Educational \u0026 Cooperative Union of America v. WDAY, Inc.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1958\/248","view_count":0,"docket_number":"248","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Farmers Educational and Cooperative Union of America, North Dakota Division","second_party":"WDAY, Inc.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-340135200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/47740"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-331671600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/47741"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThe radio and television station WDAY, Inc. broadcast the speech of A.C. Townley, a legally qualified candidate in the 1956 United States Senate race in North Dakota. The speech was broadcast uncensored as a reply to previous speeches made by two other Senate candidates. Townley\u2019s speech accused the other candidates and the Farmers Educational and Cooperative Union of America of conspiring to establish \u201ca Communist Farmers Union Soviet.\u201d Farmers Union sued Townley and WDAY, Inc for libel in district court. The court dismissed the complaint against WDAY, Inc. and held that the Federal Communications Act of 1934 granted the station immunity from liability for such defamation. The Supreme Court of North Dakota affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the Federal Communications Act of 1934 prohibit a broadcasting station from removing defamatory statements in speeches broadcast by legally qualified candidates for office?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf so, does the station have federal immunity from liability for libelous statements in the broadcast?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes, yes. Justice Hugo L. Black delivered the opinion of the 5-4 majority. The Court held that the censorship prohibited by the Federal Communications Act of 1934 was defined broadly and included the removal of objectionable material from a political speech. Permitting broadcasting stations to engage in this type of censorship would undermine the purpose the Act was meant to serve. The Court also held that holding the station liable for any defamatory statement made during the broadcast of a political speech would allow liability for conduct that the statute requires. While Congress did not explicitly include station immunity in the Act, the Federal Communications Commission, the body in charge of administering the Act, has long upheld the doctrine of station immunity.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Felix Frankfurter dissented and argued that, unless Congress explicitly granted stations immunity from state libel laws, state law trumps any implied federal immunity. Since Congress has not granted any explicit immunity, and the legislative history does not indicate that they intended to do so, the state laws stand. He also argued that the precedent set by the Court supports the state unless federal laws explicitly intercede. Justice John M. Harlan, Justice Charles E. Whittaker, and Justice Potter Stewart joined in the dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":22352,"name":"Edward S. Greenbaum","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/edward_s_greenbaum","view_count":0,"last_name":"Greenbaum","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"edward_s_greenbaum"},"advocate_description":"For the petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/21762"},{"advocate":{"ID":27793,"name":"Harriet F. 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