{"ID":59823,"name":"Dick v. New York Life Insurance Company","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1958\/58","view_count":0,"docket_number":"58","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Blanche Dick","second_party":"New York Life Insurance Company","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-346183200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/47888"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-335300400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/47889"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[-363726000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53693"}],"lower_court":{"ID":13,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/13"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EWilliam Dick was a 47-year-old farmer and experienced hunter who lived with his wife Blanche on a farm near Englevale, North Dakota. William had two life insurance policies issued by the New York Life Insurance Company, a New York corporation, payable to his wife. Each contained a double indemnity clause preventing payment if William\u0027s death resulted from \u201cself-destruction, whether sane or insane.\u201d On January 20, 1955, between 10:30 and 11:00 am, Blanche entered the farm\u2019s silage shed and found her husband lying on his back. She saw a wound on his head and knew he was dead; William\u0027s double-barreled shotgun was lying near his body.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe county sheriff later determined that the shotgun was held about eighteen inches from William\u0027s body with the stock toward the feet and the barrel along the body when it was fired. He also determined that the gun likely did not fire from a person jarring, pounding, or dropping it, although there was also evidence that the gun had occasionally discharged accidentally in the past. Dr. Veitch, the county coroner, found another wound in William\u0027s chest, but determined that it was the wound to William\u0027s head that caused his immediate death; the chest wound likely only resulted in a great deal of pain. Dr. Veitch, who was also William\u0027s personal physician, testified that William had mild to moderate non-specific prostatitis, which left him tired but did not prevent him from doing farm work. William did not apparently leave a suicide note or mention suicide to his relatives or friends. In connection with Blanche\u0027s later claim for benefits, however, Dr. Veitch listed the cause of death as \u201csuicide.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENew York Life Insurance filed an action in federal court based on diversity jurisdiction, claiming that William committed suicide. Under North Dakota law, proof of insurance coverage and death by gunshot wound shifted the burden to the insurer to prove that the death was not accidental. The jury found for Blanche Dick and awarded $7,500 in damages. On appeal, the United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit, reviewed the evidence and determined that the shotgun could not have fired unless someone or something pushed or pulled one of the triggers. It further concluded that the evidence could not be reconciled with any reasonable theory that the shooting was accidental, given William\u0027s experience as a hunter and the multiple gunshot wounds on his body.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the Eighth Circuit United States Court of Appeals properly reverse the district court\u2019s determination that the cause of William Dick\u2019s death was a question of fact for the jury?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In a 6-2 decision written by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Court held that the Fourth Circuit erred in reversing the judgment of the district court. Chief Justice Warren argued that the jury could have determined that William Dick\u0027s death was accidental from the evidence Blanche Dick presented at trial, emphasizing that the evidence apparently did not suggest that William had either the motive or intention to commit suicide. He also noted that William was in the middle of his chores when he died, which the jury could have reasonably concluded to be improbable timing for a suicide attempt.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChief Justice Warren declined to answer whether a state or federal evidentiary standard is proper when jurisdiction is based on the diversity of the parties because both parties assumed the North Dakota standard was proper in their briefs and arguments.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Potter Stewart concurred, agreeing that the district court properly applied North Dakota\u2019s evidentiary standard. Justice Stewart noted that he was not a member of the court when the case was granted a writ of certiorari, and thus refrained from expressing an opinion on whether the Court granted the writ appropriately.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Felix Frankfurter, joined by Justice Charles Whittaker, dissented. He argued that the Court improperly granted a writ of certiorari to Blanche Dick\u2019s case. Justice Frankfurter outlined the history of diversity jurisdiction cases in the circuit courts, emphasizing that congress intended the Court to use its certiorari power sparingly in such cases. He argued that the Eighth Circuit properly applied North Dakota\u2019s evidentiary standard and concluded that Blanche\u0027s claim fell short of the North Dakota requirements for submission to a jury.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice John Harlan took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":38406,"name":"Philip B. 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