{"ID":59825,"name":"Spano v. New York","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1958\/582","view_count":0,"docket_number":"582","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Vincent Joseph Spano","second_party":"State of New York","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-337114800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/47892"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-332276400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/47893"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[-348602400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53561"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EOn January 27, 1957, Vincent Joseph Spano was involved in a bar fight with Frank Palermo, Jr. Palermo knocked Spano to the ground and kicked him in the head multiple times. Later that night, Spano acquired a gun, found Palermo, and killed him. On February 1, 1957, a grand jury indicted Spano for first-degree murder and a warrant was issued for his arrest. Two days later, Spano called Gaspar Bruno, a longtime friend of his who was enrolled in the police academy. During that conversation, Spano told Bruno that Palermo had been beaten up in a fight, he was dazed, and he shot at Palermo. The next day, Spano turned himself in but refused to answer officers\u2019 questions. The police questioned him for several hours before they brought in Spano\u2019s friend Bruno to play on their friendship in order to convince Spano to confess, which he eventually did.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe confession was admitted into evidence at trial, and the jury was instructed to consider it only if it was found to be voluntary. The jury found Spano guilty and sentenced him to death. The New York Court of Appeals affirmed. \u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the admission of Spano\u2019s confession violate the Fourteenth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Chief Justice Earl Warren delivered the unanimous opinion. The Court held that the interrogation tactics the police used -- such as questioning Spano for hours without a break and using a childhood friend to manipulate him -- were coercive and violated the Fourteenth Amendment. Because the confession was involuntary, it should not have been admitted into evidence in trial.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his concurring opinion, Justice William O. Douglas argued that the interrogation was also unconstitutional because the police denied Spano access to his lawyer. He wrote that a defendant who has been charged with a crime is entitled to representation by counsel, and that right extends beyond the trial. Justice Hugo L. Black and Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. joined in the concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Potter Stewart wrote a concurrence in which he argued that the judgment should be reversed solely due to the fact that the defendant was denied access to counsel during his interrogation. Justice William O. Douglas and Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. joined in the concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":28185,"name":"Herbert S. 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