{"ID":59900,"name":"Kinsella v. United States ex rel. Singleton","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1959\/22","view_count":0,"docket_number":"22","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Nina Kinsella","second_party":"United States ex rel. Singleton","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-321735600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/48017"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-314128800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/48018"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[-342468000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53311"}],"lower_court":{"ID":77,"name":"State trial court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/state_trial_court"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ESpecialist Second Class James W. Dial of the United States Army and his wife, Joanna Dial, were charged with involuntary manslaughter for the death of their one-year-old child while stationed in Germany. James Dial was convicted of involuntary manslaughter, sentenced to three years in prison, and dishonorably discharged. His wife was not an active member of the military, but because she was a dependent of an active military member, she was tried in military court in Germany. She moved to challenge the jurisdiction of the military court over her case, but the motion was denied. She pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter and was sentenced to three years\u0027 imprisonment.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMrs. Dial\u0027s mother, Alberta Singleton, filed a writ of habeas corpus on her daughter\u0027s behalf and argued that civilian dependents of military personnel cannot be tried in a military court. The circuit court judge stated he did not want to grant the writ of habeas corpus but was bound by the Supreme Court case \u003Cem\u003EReid v. Covert\u003C\/em\u003E, in which\u00a0the Court held that non-military personnel cannot be court martialed for capital offenses. Nina Kinsella, the warden where Mrs. Dial was serving her time, appealed the writ and argued that the defendant in \u003Cem\u003EReid v. Covert\u003C\/em\u003E was on trial for a capital offense, whereas Mrs. Dial was on a trial for a non-capital offense. Therefore, the court was not bound by that case.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDo military courts have jurisdiction over civilian dependents of military personnel?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Justice Tom C. Clark delivered the opinion for the 7-2 majority. The Court held that civilian dependents of active service members can only be court martialed for capital offenses. The Constitution does not allow for the extension of military power to have jurisdiction over civilians. Therefore, James Dial\u2019s wife had a right to trial in a court protecting her rights as outlined under Article III of the Constitution and the Fifth and Sixth Amendments.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Charles E. Whittaker wrote an opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part in which he argued that non-military personnel employed by the military overseas may be under military jurisdiction during peace times. However, Joanna Dial was a dependent of an active military member, and she was not employed by the military, so she should not have been court martialed. Justice Potter Stewart joined the opinion.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice John M. Harlan wrote a dissenting opinion in which he argued that the interpretation of military \u201cstatus\u201d should not automatically exclude non-military personnel. One\u2019s status as non-military personnel should only be a factor while determining jurisdiction, and the relationship of non-military personnel with the military establishment should also be examined. The Constitution allows the Court to consider these factors in determining appropriate jurisdiction. 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