{"ID":59989,"name":"United States v. 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Their manufacturing processes produced industrial waste.  Water containing waste was recycled back into the river.  Most of the solid waste was separated and disposed of, but liquid and small particles were dumped into the river.  Over time, these small particles reduced the river depth from 21 feet to less than 9 feet in some places.  The Rivers and Waters Act prohibits the \u201ccreation of any obstruction\u2026.to the navigable capacity of any of the waters of the United States.\u201d  The statue does allow for certain exceptions authorized by the Secretary of the Army.  The United States sued the steel companies for creating an obstruction by dumping their industrial waste.  The district court granted an injunction.  The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed, holding that the waste deposits did not constitute an \u201cobstruction\u201d under the Act and even if it did, an injunction was not permitted.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003E(1) Is the discharge of industrial waste from steel mills into a navigable waterway a violation of the Rivers and Waters Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E(2) If so, is the U.S. entitled to an order compelling removal of the waste and enjoining further waste disposal?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes, yes.  Justice William O. Douglas, writing for a 5-4 majority, reversed and remanded.  The Supreme Court held that the deposits were an obstruction within the meaning of the act and were not exempt.  The Court also held that the district court was authorized to issue an injunction against the steel companies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice John M. Harlan dissented, arguing that the majority incorrectly interpreted the Rivers and Waters Act.  He argued that \u201cobstruction\u201d only referred to certain kinds of obstruction, not including industrial waste.  Justice Felix Frankfurter, Justice Charles E. Whittaker, and Justice Potter Stewart joined in the dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":32701,"name":"J. Lee Rankin","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/j_lee_rankin","view_count":0,"last_name":"Rankin","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"j_lee_rankin"},"advocate_description":"for the petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/21772"},{"advocate":{"ID":39611,"name":"Raymond T. 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