{"ID":60178,"name":"Boynton v. Virginia","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1960\/7","view_count":0,"docket_number":"7","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Bruce Boynton","second_party":"Commonwealth of Virginia","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-290977200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/48490"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-286308000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/48491"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EBruce Boynton, an African American law student, bought a Trailways bus ticket from Washington, D.C. to Montgomery, Alabama. The bus route went through Richmond, Virginia, where there was a 40-minute stop scheduled. Boynton entered the segregated restaurant in the bus station and sat on the side reserved for white customers. Both a waitress and a manager requested that Boynton move to the other side of the restaurant, and he explained that he was an interstate bus passenger and refused. A police officer arrived and arrested Boynton. He was tried, convicted, and fined for unlawfully remaining on the premises after being forbidden to do so.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBoynton appealed his conviction to the Hustings Court in Richmond where he filed a motion to dismiss and argued that his constitutional rights were violated. The Hustings Court denied the motion. The Virginia Supreme Court affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid Boyton\u2019s conviction violate the Interstate Commerce Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 should be interpreted to ban all forms of segregation by race in any type of public transportation.\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWriting for the 7-2 majority, Justice Hugo L. Black concluded that, because the bus carrier provides the services of the terminal and its restaurant to the interstate passengers, these services must be subject to the same discrimination prohibitions as the transportation itself. Since the Interstate Commerce Act prohibits racial discrimination during travel, the same restrictions apply in the stations during stops.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Charles E. Whittaker, joined by Justice Tom C. Clark, wrote a dissenting opinion in which he argued that the restaurant was owned and operated by a private owner unaffiliated with the bus company. 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