{"ID":60271,"name":"Vaughan v. Atkinson","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1961\/323","view_count":0,"docket_number":"323","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Vaughan","second_party":"Atkinson","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-245527200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/48651"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-240951600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/48652"}],"lower_court":{"ID":9,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/9"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThe general maritime law of the United States has long obliged ship owners to indemnify seamen against expenses of injury or illness suffered while on the job aboard ship. An ill or injured seaman is entitled to \u0022maintenance and cure,\u0022 that is, to compensation by his employer for the expenses of his medical treatment and subsistence (i.e., room and board) while convalescing ashore. (Until 1982, a seaman could obtain free medical attention from the US Public Health Service. In such a case, the USPHS effectively relieved the seaman\u0027s employer of the duty of cure.)\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt discharge, after two voyages on \u003Cem\u003ES.S. National Liberty\u003C\/em\u003E, seaman Clifford Vaughan got a hospitalization certificate from the master, N.J. Atkinson. Vaughan then spent three months in a USPHS hospital and two years as an outpatient undergoing treatment for tuberculosis. The ship owner ignored Vaughan\u0027s request for maintenance as an outpatient. For a while before obtaining clearance to return to duty, Vaughan worked ashore as a cab driver. Later, he sued unsuccessfully in federal district court for maintenance and for damages from the ship owner\u0027s failure to promptly pay, including his attorney\u0027s fees. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003E1. Did the district court err in offsetting Vaughan\u0027s possible recovery by the income earned as a cab driver?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E2. Is the shipowner liable for attorney\u0027s fees?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes and yes. In a 5-2 opinion for the Court, Justice William O. Douglas held that allowing offset would encourage callous ship owners to refuse maintenance and cure. Moreover, courts in admiralty have adequate equity power to treat attorney\u0027s fees as damages from failure to pay maintenance (and cure) when it was a willful breach of duty.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Potter Stewart, joined by Justice John Marshall Harlan II, dissented. While there should be no \u003Cem\u003Eduty\u003C\/em\u003E to mitigate, wages should be offset when actually earned. The duty to pay maintenance and cure was created to make the seaman whole, not afford him a windfall.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":null,"oral_argument_audio":[{"id":14795,"title":"Oral Argument - March 22, 1962","public_note":null,"unavailable":null,"display_title":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_media\/oral_argument_audio\/14795"}],"citation":{"volume":"369","page":"527","year":"1962","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_citation\/case_citation\/25053"},"decisions":[{"description":null,"votes":[{"member":{"ID":15097,"name":"John M. Harlan II","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_m_harlan2","view_count":0,"last_name":"Harlan","roles":[{"id":2741,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-465933600,"date_end":54450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. 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