{"ID":60360,"name":"Russell v. United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1961\/8","view_count":0,"docket_number":"8","additional_docket_numbers":["9","10","11","12","128"],"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Norton Anthony Russell ","second_party":"United States","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-254685600,-254599200,-254253600,-254167200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/48802"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-240346800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/48803"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[-269377200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53861"}],"lower_court":{"ID":16,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/16"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ESix individuals were indicted and convicted for refusing to answer pertinent questions before a grand jury.  Each of the individuals moved to squash the conviction because they were not told what the subject of the inquiry was, so had no basis for determining what questions were pertinent.  The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia affirmed the convictions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes a grand jury have to identify the subject of their inquiry when indicting an individual for refusing to answer pertinent questions?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes.  In a 5-2 decision, Justice Potter Stewart wrote for the majority reversing the lower court\u0027s judgment.  The Supreme Court held that the convictions could not stand because the grand jury failed to identify the subject of the inquiry at the time the individuals refused to answer questions.  Justice William J. Brennan did not participate in the decision with respect to #10.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William O. 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