{"ID":60797,"name":"Barr v. City of Columbia","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1963\/9","view_count":0,"docket_number":"9","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Charles F. Barr, et al.","second_party":"City of Columbia","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-196196400,-196110000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/49506"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-174423600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/49507"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[-207082800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53509"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Taylor Street Pharmacy in Columbia, South Carolina, allowed both black and white customers to buy goods and purchase food, but only the white customers were allowed to sit and eat at the lunch counter. On March 15, 1960, the petitioners, five black college students, sat at the counter and waited to be served. The previous day, the store manager arranged for police officers to be present in case of such a situation. After announcing that he would not serve the students and requesting that they leave, the store manager and one of the officers spoke individually to each petitioner. When they would not leave, the petitioners were arrested and charged criminal trespass and breach of the peace. The Recorder\u2019s Court convicted the petitioners, and the County Court affirmed, as did the Supreme Court of South Carolina.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the arrests and subsequent convictions of the participants in a lunch counter sit-in violate their Fourteenth Amendment rights?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a per curiam opinion, the Supreme Court held that there was no evidence that the petitioners\u2019 conduct was anything other than polite and could not be construed as a breach of the peace. Given that the only evidence for a potential breach of peace was in the actions of hostile onlookers, there was no reason to arrest and convict the petitioners.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William O. Douglas concurred and cited the reasons stated in his opinion in \u003Ci\u003EBell v. Maryland\u003C\/i\u003E. In his opinion in that case, Justice Douglas argued that the segregation of public places drastically and negatively affects the lives of black Americans. It is a relic of slavery and second-class citizenship that is antithetical to the equal protection guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. Justice Arthur J. Goldberg concurred and cited the reasons stated in his concurring opinion in \u003Ci\u003EBell v. Maryland\u003C\/i\u003E. Chief Justice Earl Warren joined in the concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his concurring opinion, Justice Hugo L. Black argued that the conviction for trespassing should stand, as the police acted correctly in removing the petitioners from the property after they had been asked to leave. Justice John M. Harlan and Justice Byron R. White joined in the concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":36498,"name":"Matthew J. 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