{"ID":60863,"name":"Cox v. Louisiana","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1964\/24","view_count":0,"docket_number":"24","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Cox","second_party":"Louisiana","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-163969200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/49604"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-156276000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/49605"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EOn December 14, 1961, the Baton Rouge police arrested 23 members of the Congress of Racial Equality (\u0022CORE\u0022) on a charge of illegal picketing. In response B. Elton Cox, a leading member of CORE, and others planned to march through parts of Baton Rouge, LA, ending with a demonstration at the courthouse. An estimated 1,500 to 3,800 protesters demonstrated during the hearings of the 23 jailed members.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBaton Rouge Police Chief Wingate White confronted the protestors when they arrived at the courthouse, telling them that they must confine the demonstration \u0022to the west side of the street\u0022 within a designated period of time. After the group began their demonstration, a sheriff ordered them to disperse. Officers then forcibly dispersed the demonstration and arrested several demonstrators, including Cox.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECox was charged with four offenses under Louisiana law: criminal conspiracy, disturbing the peace, obstructing public passages, and picketing before a courthouse. He was acquitted of criminal conspiracy but convicted of the other three offenses. In accordance with Louisiana procedure, the Louisiana Supreme Court reviewed his \u0022disturbing the peace\u0022 and \u0022obstructing public passages\u0022 convictions on certiorari, and the \u0022courthouse picketing\u0022 conviction on appeal, and the court affirmed all three convictions. Cox appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court on the ground that all three statutes were unconstitutionally vague. This case (No. 24) addresses the \u0022disturbing the peace\u0022 and \u0022obstructing public passages\u0022 statutes, while the second case (No. 49) addresses the \u0022courthouse picketing\u0022 statute.  \u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes Cox\u0027s conviction based on violation of the Louisiana statute prohibiting \u0022disturbing the peace\u0022 violate his rights to free speech and assembly under the First and Fourteenth Amendments?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDoes Cox\u0027s conviction based on violation of the Louisiana statute prohibiting \u0022obstructing public passages\u0022 violate his rights to free speech and assembly under the First and Fourteenth Amendments?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Louisiana\u0027s \u0022disturbing the peace\u0022 statute is unconstitutional on its face because it is vague in its overly broad scope, and the policy of Baton Rouge law enforcement of giving officers complete discretion in enforcing the \u0022obstructing public passages\u0022 statute deprives Cox of his constitutional rights to freedom of speech and assembly. In a decision authored by Justice Arthur J. Goldberg, the Court was unanimous in finding the \u0022disturbing the peace\u0022 statute unconstitutionally vague, and a majority of the Court (7-2) found that Cox\u0027s conviction for \u0022obstructing public passages\u0022 violated his First and Fourteenth Amendment rights. Justices Hugo L. Black and Tom C. Clark each filed concurring opinions as to the \u0022disturbing the peace\u0022 statute. Justices Black and Clark also concurred as to the \u0022obstructing public passages\u0022 conviction, with Justice Byron R. White, joined by Justice John M. Harlan, dissenting as to that issue.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":null,"oral_argument_audio":[{"id":14465,"title":"Oral Argument - October 21, 1964","public_note":null,"unavailable":null,"display_title":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_media\/oral_argument_audio\/14465"}],"citation":{"volume":"379","page":"536","year":"1965","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_citation\/case_citation\/25645"},"decisions":[{"description":"The Louisiana statute prohibiting \u0022disturbing the peace\u0022 is unconstitutionally vague and broad in scope and thus Cox\u0027s conviction under that statute violates his First and Fourteenth Amendment rights to free speech and assembly.","votes":[{"member":{"ID":15097,"name":"John M. Harlan II","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_m_harlan2","view_count":0,"last_name":"Harlan","roles":[{"id":2741,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-465933600,"date_end":54450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. 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