{"ID":60974,"name":"Abernathy v. Alabama","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1964\/9","view_count":0,"docket_number":"9","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Ralph D. Abernathy, et al.","second_party":"Alabama","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-164746800,-164660400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/51951"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-149623200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52293"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[-188935200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53628"}],"lower_court":{"ID":76,"name":"State appellate court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/state_appellate_court"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1961, the city of Montgomery, Alabama, was under martial law as a result of the riots that  started when groups of Freedom Riders arrived at the Greyhound Bus Station. On May 25, 1961, a military convoy escorted Ralph D. Abernathy, an African-American pastor from Montgomery, and 10 others (both African-American and white) to the bus terminal. The group purchased tickets, and all 11 went to sit at the lunch counter.  There were at least 30 people in the station and several hundred people outside who could see through the plate-glass windows to the lunch counter. Given the tense atmosphere in the city and particularly at the bus station, Colonel Poarch of the National Guard directed the Sheriff of Montgomery County to arrest the eleven men. In his opinion, their actions seemed \u201ccalculated to provoke a breach of the peace.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAbernathy was convicted in the Circuit Court of Montgomery County on charges of disturbing the peace and unlawful assembly. He appealed the case and argued that his Fourteenth Amendment rights were violated. The Court of Appeals of the State of Alabama affirmed the conviction. 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