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In 1955, the Fifth Circuit held the patent valid, ruling that a combination is patentable when it produces an \u0022old result in a cheaper and otherwise more advantageous way.\u0022 Subsequently, the Eighth Circuit held that, since there was no new result in the combination, the patent was invalid. The parties in Calmar, Inc. v. Cook Chemical Co. (No. 37) and Colgate-Palmolive Co. v. Cook Chemical Co. (No. 43) sought a declaration of invalidity and noninfringement of a patent on finger-operated sprayers with a \u0022hold-down\u0022 cap issued to Cook Chemical. The District Court and the Court of Appeals sustained the patent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the Patent Act of 1952 codify the judicial test of obviousness, adding it to the statutory requirements of novelty and utility for the patentability of an invention? Did the Act change the general level required for the patentability of an invention?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes and no. 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