{"ID":61080,"name":"Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1965\/48","view_count":0,"docket_number":"48","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Harper","second_party":"Virginia Board of Elections","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-124135200,-124048800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/49957"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-119124000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/49958"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EVirginia resident Annie Harper could not pay the state-imposed poll tax of $1.50. She filed suit, alleging the poll tax deprived indigent Virginia residents of their rights under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The federal district court dismissed her claim, based in part on a 1937 decision by the U.S. Supreme Court that had ruled poll taxes to be within the powers of the states.\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the Virginia poll tax violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a 6\u20133 decision authored by Justice William Douglas, the Court held the poll tax violated the Equal Protection Clause. Overruling its own precedent in \u003Cem\u003EBreedlove v. Suttles\u003C\/em\u003E (1937), the majority reasoned that the eligibility to vote has no rational connection to the wealth of an individual. Thus, the poll tax could not meet the heightened standard of review applied to restrictions on voting, which is a fundamental right under the Fourteenth Amendment. It is important to note that there was no textual basis for this stark reversal, since the Twenty-fourth Amendment applied only to federal elections. 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