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The State Department informed him that he had forfeited his American citizenship by virtue of Section 401(e) of the 1940 Nationality Act which stipulates that citizens of the United States shall \u0022lose\u0022 their citizenship upon voting in a foreign state\u0027s political elections. Afroyim challenged the constitutionality of Section 401(e). On appeal from a district court\u0027s summary judgment favoring Secretary of State Dean Rusk, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed. The Supreme Court granted Afroyim certiorari.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes Section 401(e) of the 1940 Nationality Act, revoking U.S. citizenship to persons who vote in other countries\u0027 elections, violate either the Fifth Amendment right to Due Process or the Fourteenth Amendment, under which naturalized citizens are granted national citizenship?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 5-to-4 decision, overruling Perez v. 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