{"ID":61277,"name":"Warden v. Hayden","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1966\/480","view_count":0,"docket_number":"480","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Warden, Maryland Penitentiary","second_party":"Bennie Joe Hayden","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-85946400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/50265"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-81889200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/50266"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[-99424800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53456"}],"lower_court":{"ID":9,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/9"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EAround 8 a.m. on March 17, 1962, an armed robber took $363 from the premises of the Diamond Cab Company in Baltimore, Maryland and fled on foot. Two cab drivers were attracted by the yelling and followed the suspect onto Cocoa Lane. One of the cab drivers radioed the company dispatcher a description of the suspect including clothes, which the dispatcher passed on to the police. When the police arrived at the Hayden residence, Mrs. Hayden allowed them to search the house without a warrant. The police found Bennie Joe Hayden in an upstairs bedroom and no one else in the house. They also found a set of clothes matching the description given by the cab driver in the washing machine, as well as a shotgun and a pistol in a flush tank. Ammunition for both weapons was discovered in Hayden\u2019s room.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHayden was charged with armed robbery and tried in front of a court sitting without a jury. The clothing and the weapons were admitted into evidence at trial without objection, and Hayden was convicted. Hayden sought habeas corpus relief in district court, which was denied. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reversed the denial of habeas corpus and held that the search was valid but that the clothing had \u201cevidential value only\u201d and was improperly admitted into evidence at trial.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the Fourth Amendment create a distinction between merely evidentiary materials, which may not be seized during the course of a search, and the instrumentalities or fruits of the crime, which may be seized?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EJustice William J. Brennan, Jr. delivered the opinion of the 6-3 majority. The Supreme Court held that the language and purpose of the Fourth Amendment does not support such a distinction. Because the Fourth Amendment was meant to protect the privacy of citizens from being violated by the government, the type of property that is the subject of the search is irrelevant to the protection provided. Justice Hugo L. Black concurred in the judgment.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Abe Fortas wrote a partial concurrence in which he argued that the Fourth Amendment limits the scope of searches to those items which can be directly tied to the commission of a crime. He also argued that the protection against general searches is a fundamental aspect of the Fourth Amendment, and the majority\u2019s opinion damages that protection. Chief Justice Earl Warren joined in the partial concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his dissenting opinion, Justice William O. Douglas wrote that the Fourth Amendment provides protection of both privacy and property. 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