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After a hearing, the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts denied the application, finding that Berenyi gave false testimony to facilitate his naturalization, so he was not a person of \u201cgood moral character.\u201d In Berenyi\u2019s application, he denied membership in the Communist Party, but two witnesses testified that Berenyi often spoke of his Party membership and lead a study group on Marxist-Leninist ideology. Berenyi appealed, arguing that the government failed to show that he had a \u201cmeaningful association\u201d with the Communist Party. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the court of appeals err in upholding the district court\u2019s finding that Berenyi was a member of the Communist party without evidence that the membership was a \u201cmeaningful association\u201d?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Justice Potter Stewart, writing for a 6-3 majority, affirmed the First Circuit. The Supreme Court held that it could not review a factual finding by two lower courts without an obvious and exceptional showing of error. The record gave no indication that the district court or the court of appeals made such an error. Justice William O. Douglas dissented, arguing that the district court\u2019s finding was clearly erroneous based on other evidence presented at the naturalization hearing. Chief Justice Earl Warren and Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. joined in the dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":35137,"name":"Leon B. 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