{"ID":61336,"name":"Parker v. Gladden","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1966\/81","view_count":0,"docket_number":"81","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Lee E. A. Parker","second_party":"Clarence T. Gladden","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-99252000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/50358"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-96400800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/50359"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[-116964000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53809"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EOn May 19, 1961, the Multnomah County Circuit Court convicted Lee E. A. Parker of second-degree murder and sentenced him to the Oregon State Penitentiary for a potential maximum of the remainder of his life. The Supreme Court of Oregon affirmed his conviction, and denied a rehearing on October 8, 1963. During the trial, the bailiff stated to Mrs. Gattman, an alternate juror, \u201cOh, that wicked fellow, he is guilty.\u201d Misses Inwards and Drake, both regular jurors, overheard this statement. Parker was not aware of these statements during the trial, and consequently did not bring them to the attention of the court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter the Oregon Supreme Court affirmed his conviction, Parker gave his wife a tape recording and asked her to contact members of the jury to find new grounds for setting aside his conviction. Mrs. Parker secured the names of the jurors and contacted three, Misses Inwards, Drake and Gattman. Mrs. Gattman was an alternate juror who expressed her displeasure with the verdict to Mrs. Parker. Mrs. Inwards gave conflicting testimony in an affidavit; she initially testified that the bailiffs\u2019 statements did not influence her testimony, but later stated that the remarks could have affected her decision. Mrs. Gattman was the only juror who was sure of the bailiffs\u2019 statements, and later admitted that she was disturbed by the verdict. Mrs. Drake gave an account of the bailiff\u2019s statements that conflicted with Mrs. Gattman\u2019s.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EParker filed for post-conviction relief. The post-conviction trial court held that the trial court would have granted a new trial if it had been aware of the bailiff\u2019s statements. The Oregon Supreme Court reversed, holding that the trial court erroneously applied the statutory standard for judging a motion for a new trial under the Oregon Post Conviction Act. It also held that the bailiff\u2019s statements did not violate Parker\u2019s state or federal constitutional rights.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EWas Parker\u2019s right to due process violated when a bailiff told two jurors, \u201cOh, that wicked fellow, he is guilty\u201d, and \u201cIf you find him guilty and there is anything wrong, the Supreme Court will correct it\u201d?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a per curiam decision with one dissent, the Court held that the bailiff\u0027s statements violated Parker\u2019s right under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to trial by an impartial jury. The Court noted that there was no dispute over what the bailiff said, nor any dispute over whether he was subjected to confrontation, cross-examination or other constitutional safeguards. The Court held that the bailiff\u2019s speech was private talk tending to reach the jury by outside influence. The Court rejected the government\u2019s argument that no prejudice was shown because ten members of the jury testified that they did not hear the bailiff\u2019s statement, pointing to one juror\u2019s testimony that she was prejudiced by the bailiff\u2019s statements. The Court also noted the official character of the bailiff\u0027s role with the court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice John Harlan dissented, disagreeing that the Sixth Amendment was directly applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. He rejected the Court\u2019s assumption that jurors must be absolutely insulated from all expressions of opinion on the merits of cases, citing cases where the Court refused to overthrow a verdict despite jury contact with outside information. He also questioned the evidence of Mrs. Inwards\u2019 prejudice, ascribing her claims of prejudicial influence to post-conviction guilt.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":32923,"name":"John H. 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