{"ID":61380,"name":"Bumper v. North Carolina","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1967\/1016","view_count":0,"docket_number":"1016","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Wayne Darnell Bumper","second_party":"North Carolina","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-53287200,-53200800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/50402"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-49834800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/50403"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[-61927200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53309"}],"lower_court":{"ID":54,"name":"North Carolina Supreme Court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/54"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EWayne Darnell Bumper was investigated and eventually arrested on charges of rape and felonious assault. During the investigation, police officials searched the home of Mrs. Hattie Leath, Bumper\u2019s grandmother, with whom he was living at the time. Leath consented to a search of her home, but only after the police officials informed her they had a warrant, which they did not actually have. The officers found a rifle that was later introduced into evidence at Bumper\u2019s trial. The trial court allowed the rifle to be entered into evidence because it held that Leath had consented to the search. The Supreme Court of North Carolina affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs a search considered lawful under the Fourth Amendment on the basis of consent when the consent was given only after the police official claimed he had a warrant for said search?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Justice Potter Stewart delivered the opinion for the 7-2 majority. The Court held that, for a search to be lawful under the Fourth Amendment, the consent must have been freely and voluntarily given. A search that relies on a warrant cannot be justified on the basis of consent if the warrant turns out to be faulty, regardless of the police officer\u2019s knowledge of the faultiness of the warrant. Therefore, the evidence obtained during the search in this case should not have been admitted into evidence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his concurring opinion, Justice John M. Harlan wrote that, because the introduction of the rifle into evidence was not harmless error in the sense that Bumper\u2019s guilt was not adjudicated based solely on constitutionally admissible evidence, not in the sense that he was improperly convicted.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Hugo L. 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