{"ID":61496,"name":"Pickering v. Board of Education","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1967\/510","view_count":0,"docket_number":"510","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Marvin L. Pickering ","second_party":"Board of Education of Township High School District 205, Will County","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-55706400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/50585"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-49834800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/50586"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[-67975200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53863"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EMarvin Pickering, a school teacher, wrote a letter to the editor at the Lockport Herald complaining about a recently defeated school board proposal to increase school taxes.  The letter complained about the board\u2019s handling of past proposals and allocation of funds favoring athletics over academics.  The school board felt the letter was \u201cdetrimental to the efficient operation and administration of the schools\u201d and opted to terminate Pickering\u2019s employment.  Pickering sued in the Circuit Court of Will County alleging his letter was speech protected under the First Amendment.  The court ruled in favor of the school board and the Supreme Court of Illinois affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EWas Pickering\u2019s letter constitutionally-protected free speech?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes.  Justice Thurgood Marshall wrote the 8-1 majority opinion holding that Pickering\u2019s dismissal violated his First Amendment right to free speech.  The Supreme Court noted that similar speech is not protected if it contains false statements knowingly or recklessly made.  There was no evidence that Pickering\u2019s statements were knowingly false or reckless.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William O. Douglas concurred, but took an even broader view of protected free speech.  Justice Hugo L. Black joined in the concurrence.  Justice Byron R. White wrote a dissent, agreeing that the letter may be protected speech, but preferring to remand the case for further proceedings to decide whether the statements in the letter were knowingly or recklessly false.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":31503,"name":"John Ligtenberg","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_ligtenberg","view_count":0,"last_name":"Ligtenberg","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"john_ligtenberg"},"advocate_description":"for the appellant","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/22088"},{"advocate":{"ID":29683,"name":"John F. 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