{"ID":62286,"name":"Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1968\/2","view_count":0,"docket_number":"2","additional_docket_numbers":["717"],"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Red Lion Broadcasting Co.","second_party":"Federal Communications Commission","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-23652000,-23565600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52739"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-17780400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52740"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Federal Communications Commission\u0027s (FCC) fairness doctrine requires radio and television broadcasters to present a balanced and fair discussion of public issues on the airwaves. The doctrine is composed of two primary requirements concerning personal attacks in the context of public issue debates and political editorializing. The FCC conditioned its renewal of broadcast licenses on compliance with its regulations. Red Lion Broadcasting challenged the application of the fairness doctrine with respect to a particular broadcast. In a companion case (United States v. Radio Television News Directors Association (RTNDA)), the fairness doctrine\u0027s requirements concerning any broadcast were challenged.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDo the FCC\u0027s fairness doctrine regulations, concerning personal attacks made in the context of public issue debates and political editorializing, violate the First Amendment\u0027s freedom of speech guarantees?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a unanimous decision, the Court held that the fairness doctrine was consistent with the First Amendment. Writing for the Court, Justice White argued that spectrum scarcity made it \u0022idle to posit an unabridgeable First Amendment right to broadcast comparable to the right of every individual to speak, write, or publish.\u0022 The Court held that the FCC\u0027s fairness doctrine regulations enhanced rather than infringed the freedoms of speech protected under the First Amendment. With respect to the regulation of personal attacks made in the context of public issue debates, the FCC\u0027s requirement that the subject of the attack be provided with a tape, transcript, or broadcast summary, as well as an opportunity to respond without having to prove an inability to pay for the \u0022air-time,\u0022 insured a balanced and open discussion of contested issues. The requirement that political editorializing be presented for and against both sides of the debated issues also contributed to the balanced discussion of public concerns.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":15704,"name":"Archibald Cox","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/archibald_cox","view_count":0,"last_name":"Cox","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"archibald_cox"},"advocate_description":"for the respondents in US v. Radio TV News Directors Assn.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/21137"},{"advocate":{"ID":40351,"name":"Roger Robb","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/roger_robb","view_count":0,"last_name":"Robb","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"roger_robb"},"advocate_description":"for the petitioners","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/21138"},{"advocate":{"ID":22386,"name":"Erwin N. Griswold","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/erwin_n_griswold","view_count":0,"last_name":"Griswold","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"erwin_n_griswold"},"advocate_description":"for the respondent","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/21139"}],"oral_argument_audio":[{"id":23722,"title":"Oral Argument - April 02, 1969","public_note":null,"unavailable":null,"display_title":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_media\/oral_argument_audio\/23722"},{"id":23724,"title":"Oral Argument - April 03, 1969","public_note":null,"unavailable":null,"display_title":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_media\/oral_argument_audio\/23724"},{"id":23725,"title":"Oral Argument - April 03, 1969","public_note":null,"unavailable":null,"display_title":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_media\/oral_argument_audio\/23725"}],"citation":{"volume":"395","page":"367","year":"1969","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_citation\/case_citation\/27093"},"decisions":[{"description":"The fairness doctrine does not violate the First Amendment.","votes":[{"member":{"ID":15099,"name":"Earl Warren","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/earl_warren","view_count":0,"last_name":"Warren","roles":[{"id":2743,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-512503200,"date_end":-16570800,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2743"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32704,"mime":"image\/png","size":50444,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/earl_warren\/earl_warren.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5740,"identifier":"earl_warren"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"}],"seniority":1,"ideology":-1.353,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205138"},{"member":{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"majority","joining":null,"seniority":2,"ideology":0.066,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205139"},{"member":{"ID":15089,"name":"Hugo L. Black","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/hugo_l_black","view_count":0,"last_name":"Black","roles":[{"id":2733,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-1021489200,"date_end":53931600,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2733"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32719,"mime":"image\/png","size":51667,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/hugo_l_black\/hugo_l_black.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12447,"identifier":"hugo_l_black"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"}],"seniority":3,"ideology":0.103,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205140"},{"member":{"ID":15097,"name":"John M. Harlan II","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_m_harlan2","view_count":0,"last_name":"Harlan","roles":[{"id":2741,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-465933600,"date_end":54450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2741"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32728,"mime":"image\/png","size":53784,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_m_harlan2\/john_m_harlan2.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6023,"identifier":"john_m_harlan2"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"}],"seniority":4,"ideology":0.778,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205141"},{"member":{"ID":15043,"name":"Potter Stewart","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/potter_stewart","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stewart","roles":[{"id":2687,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-353962800,"date_end":362984400,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2687"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32752,"mime":"image\/png","size":56350,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/potter_stewart\/potter_stewart.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8298,"identifier":"potter_stewart"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"}],"seniority":5,"ideology":0.344,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205142"},{"member":{"ID":15104,"name":"Thurgood Marshall","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/thurgood_marshall","view_count":0,"last_name":"Marshall","roles":[{"id":2748,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-71002800,"date_end":686293200,"appointing_president":"Lyndon B. Johnson","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2748"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32770,"mime":"image\/png","size":59272,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/thurgood_marshall\/thurgood_marshall.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8765,"identifier":"thurgood_marshall"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"}],"seniority":6,"ideology":-1.18,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205143"},{"member":{"ID":15140,"name":"William J. Brennan, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brennan","roles":[{"id":2786,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-416862000,"date_end":648450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2786"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32778,"mime":"image\/png","size":56873,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr\/william_j_brennan_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12330,"identifier":"william_j_brennan_jr"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"}],"seniority":7,"ideology":-1.127,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205144"},{"member":{"ID":15107,"name":"William O. Douglas","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_o_douglas","view_count":0,"last_name":"Douglas","roles":[{"id":2751,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-969127200,"date_end":185004000,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2751"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32781,"mime":"image\/png","size":56651,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_o_douglas\/william_o_douglas.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":13358,"identifier":"william_o_douglas"},"vote":"none","opinion_type":"none","joining":null,"seniority":8,"ideology":-7.38,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205145"}],"majority_vote":7,"minority_vote":0,"winning_party":"Respondent","decision_type":"majority opinion","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_decision\/case_decision\/16342"}],"first_party_label":"Petitioner","second_party_label":"Respondent","heard_by":[{"ID":15305,"name":"Warren Court (1967-1969)","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/warren15","view_count":0,"members":[{"ID":15099,"name":"Earl Warren","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/earl_warren","view_count":0,"last_name":"Warren","roles":[{"id":2743,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-512503200,"date_end":-16570800,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2743"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32704,"mime":"image\/png","size":50444,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/earl_warren\/earl_warren.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5740,"identifier":"earl_warren"},{"ID":15089,"name":"Hugo L. Black","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/hugo_l_black","view_count":0,"last_name":"Black","roles":[{"id":2733,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-1021489200,"date_end":53931600,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2733"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32719,"mime":"image\/png","size":51667,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/hugo_l_black\/hugo_l_black.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12447,"identifier":"hugo_l_black"},{"ID":15107,"name":"William O. Douglas","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_o_douglas","view_count":0,"last_name":"Douglas","roles":[{"id":2751,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-969127200,"date_end":185004000,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2751"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32781,"mime":"image\/png","size":56651,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_o_douglas\/william_o_douglas.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":13358,"identifier":"william_o_douglas"},{"ID":15097,"name":"John M. Harlan II","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_m_harlan2","view_count":0,"last_name":"Harlan","roles":[{"id":2741,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-465933600,"date_end":54450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2741"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32728,"mime":"image\/png","size":53784,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_m_harlan2\/john_m_harlan2.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6023,"identifier":"john_m_harlan2"},{"ID":15140,"name":"William J. Brennan, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brennan","roles":[{"id":2786,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-416862000,"date_end":648450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2786"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32778,"mime":"image\/png","size":56873,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr\/william_j_brennan_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12330,"identifier":"william_j_brennan_jr"},{"ID":15043,"name":"Potter Stewart","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/potter_stewart","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stewart","roles":[{"id":2687,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-353962800,"date_end":362984400,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2687"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32752,"mime":"image\/png","size":56350,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/potter_stewart\/potter_stewart.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8298,"identifier":"potter_stewart"},{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"},{"ID":15061,"name":"Abe Fortas","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/abe_fortas","view_count":0,"last_name":"Fortas","roles":[{"id":2705,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-133902000,"date_end":-20026800,"appointing_president":"Lyndon B. Johnson","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2705"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32693,"mime":"image\/png","size":50111,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/abe_fortas\/abe_fortas.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":1318,"identifier":"abe_fortas"},{"ID":15104,"name":"Thurgood Marshall","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/thurgood_marshall","view_count":0,"last_name":"Marshall","roles":[{"id":2748,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-71002800,"date_end":686293200,"appointing_president":"Lyndon B. Johnson","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2748"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32770,"mime":"image\/png","size":59272,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/thurgood_marshall\/thurgood_marshall.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8765,"identifier":"thurgood_marshall"}],"court_start":-71002800,"images":[{"id":78537,"mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1000283,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/courts\/warren15.jpg"}],"identifier":"warren15"}],"decided_by":{"ID":15295,"name":"Warren Court (1969)","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/warren16","view_count":0,"members":[{"ID":15099,"name":"Earl Warren","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/earl_warren","view_count":0,"last_name":"Warren","roles":[{"id":2743,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-512503200,"date_end":-16570800,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2743"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32704,"mime":"image\/png","size":50444,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/earl_warren\/earl_warren.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5740,"identifier":"earl_warren"},{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"},{"ID":15089,"name":"Hugo L. Black","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/hugo_l_black","view_count":0,"last_name":"Black","roles":[{"id":2733,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-1021489200,"date_end":53931600,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2733"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32719,"mime":"image\/png","size":51667,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/hugo_l_black\/hugo_l_black.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12447,"identifier":"hugo_l_black"},{"ID":15097,"name":"John M. Harlan II","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_m_harlan2","view_count":0,"last_name":"Harlan","roles":[{"id":2741,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-465933600,"date_end":54450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2741"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32728,"mime":"image\/png","size":53784,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_m_harlan2\/john_m_harlan2.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6023,"identifier":"john_m_harlan2"},{"ID":15043,"name":"Potter Stewart","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/potter_stewart","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stewart","roles":[{"id":2687,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-353962800,"date_end":362984400,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2687"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32752,"mime":"image\/png","size":56350,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/potter_stewart\/potter_stewart.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8298,"identifier":"potter_stewart"},{"ID":15104,"name":"Thurgood Marshall","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/thurgood_marshall","view_count":0,"last_name":"Marshall","roles":[{"id":2748,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-71002800,"date_end":686293200,"appointing_president":"Lyndon B. Johnson","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2748"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32770,"mime":"image\/png","size":59272,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/thurgood_marshall\/thurgood_marshall.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8765,"identifier":"thurgood_marshall"},{"ID":15140,"name":"William J. Brennan, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brennan","roles":[{"id":2786,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-416862000,"date_end":648450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2786"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32778,"mime":"image\/png","size":56873,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr\/william_j_brennan_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12330,"identifier":"william_j_brennan_jr"},{"ID":15107,"name":"William O. Douglas","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_o_douglas","view_count":0,"last_name":"Douglas","roles":[{"id":2751,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-969127200,"date_end":185004000,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2751"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32781,"mime":"image\/png","size":56651,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_o_douglas\/william_o_douglas.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":13358,"identifier":"william_o_douglas"}],"court_start":-20026800,"images":[{"id":56783,"mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1375672,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/courts\/warren16.JPG"}],"identifier":"warren16"},"term":"1968","location":{"latitude":39.903541,"longitude":-76.580915,"name":"Red Lion Broadcasting","street":"2900 Windsor Rd.Red Lion PA 17356","city":"Red Lion","province":"PA","postal_code":"17356","province_name":"Pennsylvania"},"opinion_announcement":null,"description":null,"written_opinion":[{"id":12119,"title":"Syllabus","author":null,"type":{"value":"syllabus","label":"Syllabus"},"justia_opinion_id":1948076,"justia_opinion_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/395\/367\/","judge_full_name":null,"judge_last_name":null,"title_overwrite":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_document\/written_opinion\/12119"},{"id":12120,"title":"View Case","author":null,"type":{"value":"case","label":null},"justia_opinion_id":1948077,"justia_opinion_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/395\/367\/case.html","judge_full_name":null,"judge_last_name":null,"title_overwrite":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_document\/written_opinion\/12120"}],"related_cases":null,"justia_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/395\/367\/","argument2_url":null}