{"ID":61828,"name":"Williams v. Illinois","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1969\/1089","view_count":0,"docket_number":"1089","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Williams","second_party":"Illinois","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[9612000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/51083"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[15483600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/51084"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EWillie E. Williams was convicted for theft of credit cards, checks, and papers worth less than $150. He received the maximum sentence for petty theft in Illinois: one year of imprisonment and a $500 fine. If Williams was unable to pay the fine (and an additional $5 in court costs) at the end of his sentence, he would remain in jail to \u201cwork off\u201d the fine at a rate of $5 per day.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile in jail, Williams petitioned the trial court to vacate the \u201cwork off\u201d provision of his sentence. Williams argued that he did not have any money or property with which to pay the money portion of his sentence, but he would pay if released after one year and allowed to get a job. The trial court held that Williams\u2019 ability to pay might change by the end of his sentence and dismissed his petition. Williams appealed directly to the Supreme Court of Illinois and argued that the denial of his petition violated his right to equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment. The court held that there was no Fourteenth Amendment violation.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment violated when an impoverished defendant is imprisoned to satisfy payment of a fine and court costs?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EJustice John M. Harlan wrote a concurring opinion in which he argued that the Illinois law was impermissible under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment rather than the Equal Protection Clause because the latter ruling would place a substantial burden on states to create a system of individualized fines. Additionally, the Equal Protection clause allowed judges to substitute their opinions for those of the legislature, while the Due Process Clause placed legislation that deprives an individual of his right to remain free under higher judicial scrutiny. 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