{"ID":61854,"name":"North Carolina v. Alford","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1970\/14","view_count":0,"docket_number":"14","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"North Carolina","second_party":"Henry C. Alford","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-3866400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52347"},{"event":"Reargued","dates":[24728400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52012"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[28188000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52346"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[-23220000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53796"}],"lower_court":{"ID":9,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/9"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ENorth Carolina charged Henry Alford with first-degree murder.  That charge carried a possible sentence of life imprisonment or the death penalty.  Alford agreed to plead guilty in exchange for a second-degree murder conviction.  When Alford took the stand, he testified that he was innocent and pled guilty to avoid the death penalty.  The judge ensured that Alford made his decision freely after consulting counsel.  Alford maintained his guilty plea, and after receiving evidence of Alford\u2019s extensive criminal history, the judge sentenced Alford to the maximum 30-year sentence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter unsuccessfully attempting to obtain post-conviction relief, Alford petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus.  The U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina denied relief on the grounds that Alford\u2019s guilty plea was entirely voluntary.  The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reversed, holding that the plea was involuntary because its primary motivation was the fear of death.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs a guilty plea invalid where the defendant maintains his innocence and testifies that the plea is only to avoid the death penalty?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo.  In a 6-3 decision, Justice Byron R. White wrote the majority opinion reversing the court of appeals.  The Supreme Court held that there was no constitutional violation where the defendant concluded based on competent counsel that it was in his best interest to plead guilty.  The court saw no difference between a defendant who maintains his innocence with a plea bargain and one who admits to the crime.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Hugo L. Black wrote a concurrence, agreeing with the majority, but expressing a belief that \u003Ci\u003EUnited States v Jackson\u003C\/i\u003E was wrongly decided.  Justice William J. Brennan wrote a dissent, stating that the threat of the death penalty should be a factor considered when determining whether a plea was voluntary.  Justice William O. Douglas and Justice Thurgood Marshall joined in the dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":32898,"name":"Jacob L. Safron","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/jacob_l_safron","view_count":0,"last_name":"Safron","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"jacob_l_safron"},"advocate_description":"for the appellant","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/22013"},{"advocate":{"ID":20618,"name":"Doris R. 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