{"ID":61863,"name":"In re Stolar","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1970\/18","view_count":0,"docket_number":"18","additional_docket_numbers":["75"],"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Martin Robert Stolar","second_party":"State of Ohio, Columbus Bar Association","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-1965600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52351"},{"event":"Reargued","dates":[24728400,24814800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52016"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[36136800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52350"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[-6894000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53539"}],"lower_court":{"ID":56,"name":"Ohio Supreme Court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/56"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EMartin Robert Stolar was admitted to the New York Bar in 1968. In his application, he answered several questions about his social, religious and political affiliations. When Stolar applied to the Ohio Bar in 1969 he supplied the Ohio Bar Association with all of the information from his New York Bar application. The Ohio Bar also subjected Stolar to an oral interrogation where they asked questions relating to whether he was associated with any organization that advocated the violent overthrow of the government. Stolar refused to answer those questions and the interrogation committee recommended that he be denied admission to the Bar. Stolar had nothing in his record, other than refusal to answer the questions, that showed that he did not have the necessary good character for admission to the Ohio Bar. The Ohio Supreme Court approved the committee\u2019s recommendation without opinion.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDo the Ohio Bar\u2019s requirement that applicants answer questions about possible Communist Party affiliation violate the First Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes.  Though they could not agree on an opinion, five members of the court agreed that the Ohio Bar\u2019s questions violated the First Amendment.  Justice Hugo L. Black delivered the judgment of the court, holding that the First Amendment\u2019s protection of freedom of association and prohibition against a state penalizing a person for their membership in a particular organization made the Ohio Bar questions improper.  Justice Potter Stewart concurred in the judgment, writing that the questions were improper under prior Supreme Court precedent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Byron R. White dissented, arguing that the Constitution did not require a state to admit someone to practice law who believed in violence.  The Ohio Bar questions were properly designed to discover whether an applicant expected to actively support illegal violence.  Justice Harry A. Blackmun also dissented, stating that the judgment should be affirmed based on Stolar\u2019s refusal to answer the questions.  Chief Justice Warren Burger, Justice John M. Harlan, and Justice Byron R. White joined in the dissent.  Justice John M. Harlan separately dissented, arguing that the Constitution does prevent a state bar association from denying admission based on theoretical beliefs in a right of revolution, but it does not require admission of someone who seeks entry for the purpose of doing away with the orderly process of law.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":34199,"name":"Leonard B. 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