{"ID":51096,"name":"American Pipe \u0026 Construction Company v. Utah","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1973\/72-1195","view_count":0,"docket_number":"72-1195","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"American Pipe and Construction Company, et al","second_party":"State of Utah, et al","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[121932000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/31505"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[127544400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/31506"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1964, the federal government sued several corporations for rigging prices of concrete and steel pipes in violation of the Sherman Act. That case reached a final judgment in May 1968, when all parties agreed to terms that prevented the companies from engaging in future violations of anti-trust laws. Eleven days short of one year after this agreement, the State of Utah, on behalf of several agencies and local governments, filed a class action lawsuit against the same corporations. The lawsuit claimed that the corporations\u2019 previous price fixing schemes had directly injured the State and other plaintiffs. Six months later, the corporations successfully argued that, under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the lawsuit could not be maintained as a class action because it was not impractical for the plaintiffs to each have individual representation. Eight days following this ruling, over 60 towns, municipalities, and water districts within the State of Utah immediately filed motions to intervene in the lawsuit. The court denied their motions because they had failed to argue them within the one-year time statute of limitations required under federal law. The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed. First, that court held that, by filing lawsuit as a class action, all of the claims were adequately before the trial court before the statute of limitations was reached. However, because the judge dismissed the class action after the statute of limitations ran, the parties were unable to re-file their claims against the corporations. That court held that the trial judge could not leave the plaintiff\u2019s without recourse after the time to file the lawsuit had passed. Instead, the plaintiffs should have the eleven days that remained under the statute of limitations when the initial lawsuit was filed in order to intervene or otherwise file individual claims. The corporations appealed.\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes dismissal of a class action lawsuit after the statute of limitations has expired prevents previous class members from either filing individual lawsuits against the defendant or otherwise joining an existing claim?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Justice Potter Stewart, writing for a unanimous Court, affirmed the Ninth Circuit.The Supreme Court held that commencing a class action suspends all applicable statutes of limitations against members of that class who would have been parties had the suit been allowed to continue as a class action. Justice Stewart noted that the policies behind statutes of limitations are to ensure fairness to defendants by \u201cpreventing surprises through the revival of claims that have been allowed to slumber until evidence has been lost, memories have faded, and witnesses have disappeared.\u201d Those policies, however, are satisfied when a plaintiff initiates a class action lawsuit because defendants know a named plaintiff and the number and generic identities of potential plaintiffs. Finally, the Court noted that eleven days remained under the statute of limitations when the class action was initially filed. Therefore, the motions to intervene that were filed within eight days of the judge\u2019s dismissal were valid.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":32257,"name":"Jesse R. 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