{"ID":51075,"name":"Steffel v. Thompson","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1973\/72-5581","view_count":0,"docket_number":"72-5581","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Richard Guy Steffel","second_party":"John R. Thompson, et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[122018400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/31464"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[132901200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/31465"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[99554400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53523"}],"lower_court":{"ID":10,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/10"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EOn October 8, 1970, Richard Guy Steffel and other individuals were distributing flyers protesting American involvement in the Vietnam War on the exterior sidewalk of the North DeKalb Shopping Center. Employees asked them to stop, but they did not, so the employees called the police. The police informed them that they would be arrested under a Georgia criminal statute if they did not stop, so they left. The next day Steffel and another individual returned to hand out flyers. The police were called again, and Steffel left to avoid arrest. The other individual, however, was arrested. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESteffel sued and argued that his First and Fourteenth Amendment rights were violated because his fear of being arrested kept him from distributing flyers. The district court dismissed the action and denied all relief after it found no evidence that the state acted in bad faith and therefore there was no active controversy. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the case present an actual and active controversy?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECan a federal court grant declaratory relief against the enforcement of a state statute when a criminal proceeding is pending?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes, yes. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. delivered the unanimous opinion. The Court held that the case presented an actual controversy, as the Georgia statute could interfere with Steffel\u2019s exercise of his constitutional rights even if he was not arrested. Because the United States\u2019 involvement in Vietnam, which Steffel was protesting, was reduced, the issue of whether or not the case still presented an active controversy would be decided by the lower court on remand. The Court also held that awarding declaratory relief would not interfere with the state\u2019s prosecution, and therefore is not precluded.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Potter Stewart wrote a concurring opinion and argued that plaintiffs in such constitutional cases must prove that the state\u2019s actions represented a \u201cgenuine threat\u201d to their constitutional liberties, which he predicts will be rare. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger joined in the concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his concurring opinion, Justice Byron R. White wrote that it would not be improper to issue declaratory or injunctive relief in state courts on issues that have already been decided by federal courts. He also argues that such measures should not be necessary because the decisions of federal courts carry more weight than precedents in state courts.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William H. Rehnquist wrote a concurring opinion and argued that issuing declaratory relief does not allow a plaintiff to avoid prosecution under state law. He also argued that this opinion does not provide support for the ability of federal courts to grant injunctive relief just because declarative relief was appropriate. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger joined in the concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":27565,"name":"Howard Moore, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/howard_moore_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Moore,","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"howard_moore_jr"},"advocate_description":"for petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/9384"},{"advocate":{"ID":34279,"name":"Lawrence M. 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