{"ID":51142,"name":"Gerstein v. Pugh","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1973\/73-477","view_count":0,"docket_number":"73-477","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Richard E. Gerstein, State Attorney for the Eleventh Judicial Circuit of Florida ","second_party":"Robert Pugh, Nathaniel Henderson, Thomas Turner, Gary Faulk on their own behalf and on behalf of other similarly situated","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[133419600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52072"},{"event":"Reargued","dates":[151563600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/51757"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[161935200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52071"}],"lower_court":{"ID":10,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/10"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ERobert Pugh and Nathanial Henderson were arrested in Florida and charged with felony and misdemeanor charges not punishable by death. Pugh was denied bail and Henderson was unable to post a $4,500 bond, so both remained in custody. Florida law only required indictments for capitol offenses, so Pugh and Henderson were charged only by information, without a preliminary hearing and without leave of the court. Florida courts previously held that filing an information foreclosed an accused\u2019s right to a preliminary hearing, and that habeas corpus could not be used except in exceptional circumstances.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPugh and Henderson filed a class action against Dade County officials, claiming a constitutional right to a preliminary hearing on the issue of probable cause. The district court certified the class and held that the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments give all arrested persons charged by information the right to a preliminary hearing. The Florida Supreme Court adopted new rules in an attempt to fix the problem, but on remand, the district court held the rules still violated the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. The court also prescribed detailed procedures to protect that right. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed in part and vacated in part, modifying minor portions of the district court\u2019s prescribed procedures.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes a person in state custody have a constitutional right to a preliminary hearing?\u003Cbr \/\u003EDoes a U.S. District Court judge have jurisdiction to interfere in a state criminal proceeding on the question of preliminary hearings?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes, yes. Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr., writing for a unanimous court affirmed in part and reversed in part remanded the case to the Fifth Circuit. The Supreme Court held that the Fourth Amendment entitles a person arrested without a warrant and charged by information to a timely preliminary hearing on probable cause. The prosecutor\u2019s decision to file an information does not provide sufficient protection. Five members of the court agreed that the district court\u2019s prescribed procedures were not required by the Fourth Amendment. The case was remanded for reconsideration of these procedures.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Potter Stewart concurred, writing that it was unnecessary to specify which procedural protections do not need to be provided to suspects awaiting trial. Justice William O. Douglas, Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., and Justice Thurgood Marshall joined in the concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":34878,"name":"Leonard Mellon","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/leonard_mellon","view_count":0,"last_name":"Mellon","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"leonard_mellon"},"advocate_description":"for petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/9526"},{"advocate":{"ID":39907,"name":"Raymond L. 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