{"ID":51114,"name":"Miami Herald Publishing Company v. Tornillo","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1973\/73-797","view_count":0,"docket_number":"73-797","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Miami Herald Publishing Company","second_party":"Pat Tornillo","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[135406800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/31538"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[141368400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/31539"}],"lower_court":{"ID":30,"name":"Florida Supreme Court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/30"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EPat Tornillo was Executive Director of the Classroom Teachers Association and a candidate for the Florida House of Representatives in Dade County, Florida. The \u003Cem\u003EMiami Herald\u003C\/em\u003E published two editorials criticizing Tornillo and his candidacy. He demanded that the \u003Cem\u003EHerald\u003C\/em\u003E publish his responses to the editorials. When the \u003Cem\u003EHerald\u003C\/em\u003E refused, Tornillo sued in Dade County Circuit Court under Florida Statute Section 104.38, which granted political candidates criticized by any newspaper the right to have their responses to the criticisms published. The \u003Cem\u003EHerald\u003C\/em\u003E challenged the statute as a violation of the free press clause of the First Amendment. The Circuit Court ruled that the statute was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court of Florida reversed this decision.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid Florida Statute Section 104.38, the \u0022right to reply\u0022 statute, violate the free press clause of the First Amendment applied to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a unanimous decision, the Court reversed the Supreme Court of Florida and held that Florida\u0027s \u0022right to reply\u0022 statute violated the freedom of press found in the First Amendment. In an opinion written by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, the Court recognized the risks posed to the \u0022true marketplace of ideas\u0022 by media consolidation and barriers to entry in the newspaper industry. However, even in that context, \u0022press responsibility is not mandated by the Constitution and\u2026cannot be legislated.\u0022 The statute was an \u0022intrusion into the function of editors,\u0022 and imposed \u0022a penalty on the basis of the content.\u0022 Chief Justice Burger relied on \u003Cem\u003ENew York Times v. Sullivan\u003C\/em\u003E in that the \u0022right to reply\u0022 statute \u0022limits the variety of public debate,\u0022 and was therefore unconstitutional. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. authored a concurring statement. Justice Byron R. 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