{"ID":51300,"name":"Burns v. Alcala","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1974\/73-1708","view_count":0,"docket_number":"73-1708","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Kevin J. Burns, Commissioner, Dept of Social Services of Iowa, et al.","second_party":"Linda Alcala, Jane Doe, Joan Roe, et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[159602400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/31885"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[164350800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/31886"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[151045200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53821"}],"lower_court":{"ID":13,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/13"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThe State of Iowa denied Linda Alcala and several other pregnant women welfare benefits for their unborn children.  The Department of Social Services stated that although those children would be eligible for benefits once born, while unborn they do not fit the Social Security Act\u2019s definition of \u201cdependent children\u201d as required by the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program.  The pregnant women sued, arguing that the denial of benefits conflicted with federal Social Security standards and violated the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment.  The district court held that unborn children were \u201cdependent children\u201d, but did not reach the 14th Amendment arguments.  The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003E(1) Do unborn children fall within the definition of \u201cdependent children\u201d under the Social Security Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E(2) Does the denial of welfare benefits for unborn children violate the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo, Undecided. In a 7-1 decision, Justice Lewis F. Powell wrote the majority opinion reversing the lower court.  The Supreme Court held that the legislative history surrounding the Social Security Act did not provide a basis for including unborn children in the definition of \u201cdependent children\u201d.  While some states had adopted welfare plans that included unborn children, it was not required in order to comply with federal law.  The Court also remanded the case for consideration of the Fourteenth Amendment issues.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Thurgood Marshall wrote a dissent, stating that the legislative history is inconclusive.  Also, the long-standing administrative practice of providing unborn children with AFDC benefits when a state legislates for it prove that unborn children are included in the definition of \u201cdependent children\u201d.  Justice William O. Douglas did not participate.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":40609,"name":"Richard C. 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