{"ID":51266,"name":"Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1974\/73-1892","view_count":0,"docket_number":"73-1892","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Caspar Weinberger, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare","second_party":"Stephen Charles Wiesenfeld, etc.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[159429600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/31822"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[164437200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/31823"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EStephen Wiesenfeld and Paula Polatschek were married in 1970. Polatschek had worked as a teacher for the five years prior to their marriage and continued teaching after they were married. Her salary was the principle source of the couple\u2019s income, and social security contributions were regularly deducted from her salary. In 1972, Polatschek died in childbirth, which left Wiesenfeld with the care of their newborn son. Wiesenfeld applied for social security benefits for himself and his son, and was told that his son could receive them but that he could not. Social Security Act provides benefits based on the earnings of a deceased husband and father that are available to both the children and the widow. The benefits for a deceased wife and mother, however, are only available to the children.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 1973, Wiesenfeld sued on behalf of himself and similarly situated widowers. He claimed that the relevant section of the Social Security Act unfairly discriminated on the basis of sex and sought summary judgment. A three-judge panel of the district court granted Wiesenfeld\u2019s motion for summary judgment\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the gender-based distinction in Social Security benefits violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. delivered the opinion for the 8-0 majority. The Supreme Court held that the purpose of the social security benefits for the surviving spouse and children is to enable the surviving spouse to properly care for the children, regardless of the gender of the parent. Gender-based discrimination regarding these benefits is therefore both illogical and counter-productive.\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Lewis F. Powell, Jr. wrote a concurring opinion in which he argued that the gender-based classification of the social security benefits does not serve any legitimate government interest. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger joined in the concurring opinion. In his opinion concurring in the judgment, Justice William H. Rehnquist wrote that the majority\u2019s opinion overreached the bounds of the question by ruling on whether the statute violated the Fifth Amendment. He argued that the statute does not serve a valid legislative purpose and could be overturned on that basis alone.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William O. Douglas did not participate in either the discussion or the decision of this case.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":33866,"name":"Keith A. Jones","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/keith_a_jones","view_count":0,"last_name":"Jones","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"keith_a_jones"},"advocate_description":"argued the cause for the appellant","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/9812"},{"advocate":{"ID":15084,"name":"Ruth Bader Ginsburg","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/ruth_bader_ginsburg","view_count":0,"last_name":"Ginsburg","roles":[{"id":2728,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":744958800,"date_end":1600405200,"appointing_president":"Bill Clinton","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2728"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32681,"mime":"image\/png","size":45030,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/ruth_bader_ginsburg\/ruth_bader_ginsburg.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":9901,"identifier":"ruth_bader_ginsburg"},"advocate_description":"for appellee","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/9813"}],"oral_argument_audio":[{"id":16559,"title":"Oral Argument - January 20, 1975","public_note":null,"unavailable":null,"display_title":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_media\/oral_argument_audio\/16559"}],"citation":{"volume":"420","page":"636","year":"1975","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_citation\/case_citation\/15194"},"decisions":[{"description":null,"votes":[{"member":{"ID":15107,"name":"William O. Douglas","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_o_douglas","view_count":0,"last_name":"Douglas","roles":[{"id":2751,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-969127200,"date_end":185004000,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2751"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32781,"mime":"image\/png","size":56651,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_o_douglas\/william_o_douglas.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":13358,"identifier":"william_o_douglas"},"vote":"none","opinion_type":"none","joining":null,"seniority":2,"ideology":-7.746,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/141535"},{"member":{"ID":15043,"name":"Potter Stewart","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/potter_stewart","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stewart","roles":[{"id":2687,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-353962800,"date_end":362984400,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2687"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32752,"mime":"image\/png","size":56350,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/potter_stewart\/potter_stewart.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8298,"identifier":"potter_stewart"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":null,"seniority":4,"ideology":0.367,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/141536"},{"member":{"ID":15104,"name":"Thurgood Marshall","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/thurgood_marshall","view_count":0,"last_name":"Marshall","roles":[{"id":2748,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-71002800,"date_end":686293200,"appointing_president":"Lyndon B. Johnson","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2748"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32770,"mime":"image\/png","size":59272,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/thurgood_marshall\/thurgood_marshall.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8765,"identifier":"thurgood_marshall"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":null,"seniority":6,"ideology":-1.483,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/141537"},{"member":{"ID":15140,"name":"William J. Brennan, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brennan","roles":[{"id":2786,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-416862000,"date_end":648450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2786"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32778,"mime":"image\/png","size":56873,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr\/william_j_brennan_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12330,"identifier":"william_j_brennan_jr"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"majority","joining":null,"seniority":3,"ideology":-1.961,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/141538"},{"member":{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":null,"seniority":5,"ideology":0.611,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/141539"},{"member":{"ID":15073,"name":"Warren E. Burger","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/warren_e_burger","view_count":0,"last_name":"Burger","roles":[{"id":2717,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-16570800,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2717"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32773,"mime":"image\/png","size":52511,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/warren_e_burger\/warren_e_burger.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6304,"identifier":"warren_e_burger"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15119,"name":"Lewis F. Powell, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Powell","roles":[{"id":2764,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":551682000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2764"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32738,"mime":"image\/png","size":53543,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr\/lewis_f_powell_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5649,"identifier":"lewis_f_powell_jr"}],"seniority":1,"ideology":2.139,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/141540"},{"member":{"ID":15045,"name":"Harry A. Blackmun","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/harry_a_blackmun","view_count":0,"last_name":"Blackmun","roles":[{"id":2689,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":13755600,"date_end":775890000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2689"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32712,"mime":"image\/png","size":50281,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/harry_a_blackmun\/harry_a_blackmun.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8821,"identifier":"harry_a_blackmun"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":null,"seniority":7,"ideology":1.053,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/141541"},{"member":{"ID":15119,"name":"Lewis F. Powell, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Powell","roles":[{"id":2764,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":551682000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2764"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32738,"mime":"image\/png","size":53543,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr\/lewis_f_powell_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5649,"identifier":"lewis_f_powell_jr"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"concurrence","joining":null,"seniority":8,"ideology":1.112,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/141542"},{"member":{"ID":15141,"name":"William H. Rehnquist","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_h_rehnquist","view_count":0,"last_name":"Rehnquist","roles":[{"id":2787,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2787"},{"id":2788,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":528094800,"date_end":1125723600,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2788"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32786,"mime":"image\/png","size":46923,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_h_rehnquist\/william_h_rehnquist.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12293,"identifier":"william_h_rehnquist"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"special concurrence","joining":null,"seniority":9,"ideology":4.395,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/141543"}],"majority_vote":8,"minority_vote":0,"winning_party":null,"decision_type":"majority opinion","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_decision\/case_decision\/9247"}],"first_party_label":"Appellant","second_party_label":"Appellee","heard_by":[{"ID":15330,"name":"Burger Court (1972-1975)","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/burger4","view_count":0,"members":[{"ID":15073,"name":"Warren E. Burger","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/warren_e_burger","view_count":0,"last_name":"Burger","roles":[{"id":2717,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-16570800,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2717"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32773,"mime":"image\/png","size":52511,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/warren_e_burger\/warren_e_burger.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6304,"identifier":"warren_e_burger"},{"ID":15107,"name":"William O. Douglas","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_o_douglas","view_count":0,"last_name":"Douglas","roles":[{"id":2751,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-969127200,"date_end":185004000,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2751"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32781,"mime":"image\/png","size":56651,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_o_douglas\/william_o_douglas.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":13358,"identifier":"william_o_douglas"},{"ID":15140,"name":"William J. Brennan, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brennan","roles":[{"id":2786,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-416862000,"date_end":648450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2786"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32778,"mime":"image\/png","size":56873,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr\/william_j_brennan_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12330,"identifier":"william_j_brennan_jr"},{"ID":15043,"name":"Potter Stewart","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/potter_stewart","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stewart","roles":[{"id":2687,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-353962800,"date_end":362984400,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2687"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32752,"mime":"image\/png","size":56350,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/potter_stewart\/potter_stewart.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8298,"identifier":"potter_stewart"},{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"},{"ID":15104,"name":"Thurgood Marshall","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/thurgood_marshall","view_count":0,"last_name":"Marshall","roles":[{"id":2748,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-71002800,"date_end":686293200,"appointing_president":"Lyndon B. Johnson","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2748"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32770,"mime":"image\/png","size":59272,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/thurgood_marshall\/thurgood_marshall.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8765,"identifier":"thurgood_marshall"},{"ID":15045,"name":"Harry A. Blackmun","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/harry_a_blackmun","view_count":0,"last_name":"Blackmun","roles":[{"id":2689,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":13755600,"date_end":775890000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2689"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32712,"mime":"image\/png","size":50281,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/harry_a_blackmun\/harry_a_blackmun.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8821,"identifier":"harry_a_blackmun"},{"ID":15119,"name":"Lewis F. Powell, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Powell","roles":[{"id":2764,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":551682000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2764"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32738,"mime":"image\/png","size":53543,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr\/lewis_f_powell_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5649,"identifier":"lewis_f_powell_jr"},{"ID":15141,"name":"William H. Rehnquist","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_h_rehnquist","view_count":0,"last_name":"Rehnquist","roles":[{"id":2787,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2787"},{"id":2788,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":528094800,"date_end":1125723600,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2788"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32786,"mime":"image\/png","size":46923,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_h_rehnquist\/william_h_rehnquist.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12293,"identifier":"william_h_rehnquist"}],"court_start":63612000,"images":[{"id":12278,"mime":"image\/jpeg","size":43427,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/courts\/burger4.jpg"}],"identifier":"burger4"}],"decided_by":{"ID":15330,"name":"Burger Court (1972-1975)","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/burger4","view_count":0,"members":[{"ID":15073,"name":"Warren E. Burger","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/warren_e_burger","view_count":0,"last_name":"Burger","roles":[{"id":2717,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-16570800,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2717"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32773,"mime":"image\/png","size":52511,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/warren_e_burger\/warren_e_burger.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6304,"identifier":"warren_e_burger"},{"ID":15107,"name":"William O. Douglas","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_o_douglas","view_count":0,"last_name":"Douglas","roles":[{"id":2751,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-969127200,"date_end":185004000,"appointing_president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2751"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32781,"mime":"image\/png","size":56651,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_o_douglas\/william_o_douglas.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":13358,"identifier":"william_o_douglas"},{"ID":15140,"name":"William J. Brennan, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brennan","roles":[{"id":2786,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-416862000,"date_end":648450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2786"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32778,"mime":"image\/png","size":56873,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr\/william_j_brennan_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12330,"identifier":"william_j_brennan_jr"},{"ID":15043,"name":"Potter Stewart","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/potter_stewart","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stewart","roles":[{"id":2687,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-353962800,"date_end":362984400,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2687"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32752,"mime":"image\/png","size":56350,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/potter_stewart\/potter_stewart.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8298,"identifier":"potter_stewart"},{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"},{"ID":15104,"name":"Thurgood Marshall","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/thurgood_marshall","view_count":0,"last_name":"Marshall","roles":[{"id":2748,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-71002800,"date_end":686293200,"appointing_president":"Lyndon B. Johnson","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2748"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32770,"mime":"image\/png","size":59272,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/thurgood_marshall\/thurgood_marshall.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8765,"identifier":"thurgood_marshall"},{"ID":15045,"name":"Harry A. Blackmun","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/harry_a_blackmun","view_count":0,"last_name":"Blackmun","roles":[{"id":2689,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":13755600,"date_end":775890000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2689"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32712,"mime":"image\/png","size":50281,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/harry_a_blackmun\/harry_a_blackmun.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8821,"identifier":"harry_a_blackmun"},{"ID":15119,"name":"Lewis F. Powell, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Powell","roles":[{"id":2764,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":551682000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2764"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32738,"mime":"image\/png","size":53543,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr\/lewis_f_powell_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5649,"identifier":"lewis_f_powell_jr"},{"ID":15141,"name":"William H. Rehnquist","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_h_rehnquist","view_count":0,"last_name":"Rehnquist","roles":[{"id":2787,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2787"},{"id":2788,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":528094800,"date_end":1125723600,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2788"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32786,"mime":"image\/png","size":46923,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_h_rehnquist\/william_h_rehnquist.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12293,"identifier":"william_h_rehnquist"}],"court_start":63612000,"images":[{"id":12278,"mime":"image\/jpeg","size":43427,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/courts\/burger4.jpg"}],"identifier":"burger4"},"term":"1974","location":{"latitude":40.478414,"longitude":-74.469563,"name":"New Brunswick, New Jersey Social Security Office","street":"550 Jersey Ave","city":"New Brunswick","province":"NJ","postal_code":null,"province_name":"New Jersey"},"opinion_announcement":[{"id":15935,"title":"Opinion Announcement - March 19, 1975","unavailable":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_media\/opinion_announcement_audio\/15935"}],"description":"A case in which the Court held that the gender-based distinction in Social Security benefits violates the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. ","written_opinion":[{"id":10333,"title":"Syllabus","author":null,"type":{"value":"syllabus","label":"Syllabus"},"justia_opinion_id":1951258,"justia_opinion_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/420\/636\/","judge_full_name":null,"judge_last_name":null,"title_overwrite":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_document\/written_opinion\/10333"},{"id":10334,"title":"View Case","author":null,"type":{"value":"case","label":null},"justia_opinion_id":1951259,"justia_opinion_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/420\/636\/case.html","judge_full_name":null,"judge_last_name":null,"title_overwrite":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_document\/written_opinion\/10334"}],"related_cases":null,"justia_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/420\/636\/","argument2_url":null}