{"ID":51318,"name":"United States v. Reliable Transfer Company, Inc.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1974\/74-363","view_count":0,"docket_number":"74-363","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"United States","second_party":"Reliable Transfer Company, Inc.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[164437200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/31920"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[169707600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/31921"}],"lower_court":{"ID":7,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/7"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIt was long the rule in admiralty cases arising from collision or stranding that, when both parties were negligent, the sum of the damages to both should be split evenly between them. The Supreme Court endorsed this \u0022rule of divided damages\u0022 in \u003Cem\u003EThe Schooner Catharine v. Dickenson,\u003C\/em\u003E 58 U.S. (17 How.) 170 (1855).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn a clear night, in 8-10 foot seas and 45 knots of wind off Rockaway Point, the Mary A. Whalen, a coastal tanker carrying fuel oil to New York from New Jersey, went astray. Unable to locate the breakwater light, her master attempted a U-turn, stranding her upon a sand bar. The light had failed. Its maintenance was the U.S. Coast Guard\u0027s responsibility. The tanker\u0027s owner sued in federal district court, which found negligence on the parts of both the vessel (75%) and the Coast Guard (25 %). Even though only the ship owner suffered damages, the district court applied the rule of divided damages, assessing both parties equal shares. They cross-appealed, but the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed \u003Cem\u003Eper curiam.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAbstract prepared by Professor J.P. Jones\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EWhether, in admiralty cases of collision and stranding, the rule of divided damages ought to be discarded in favor of comparative fault?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a unanimous opinion authored by Justice Potter Stewart, the Court held that in such cases liability should be allocated with reference to the comparative degrees of fault on the part of each party. \u0022We hold that when two or more parties have contributed by their fault to cause property damage in a maritime collision or stranding, liability for such damage is to be allocated among the parties proportionately to the comparative degree of their fault, and that liability for such damages is to be allocated equally only when the parties are equally at fault or when it is not possible fairly to measure the comparative degree of their fault.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":32657,"name":"John P. 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