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Because the crimes were committed on an Indian reservation, the three were subject to federal prosecution under the Major Crimes Act. They were indicted by a grand jury and tried for burglary, robbery, and murder. Leonard Davison and Antelope were found guilty on all three charges, and William Davison was found guilty of second-degree murder.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe defendants appealed and argued that their convictions under federal law were the result of unlawful racial discrimination. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed the convictions and held that the defendants were placed at a \u201cracially based disadvantage.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDo federal criminal statutes that subject individuals to federal prosecution based on their status as American Indians violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger delivered the opinion for the 9-0 majority. The Court held that the law and the courts have treated American Indian tribes as unique entities, and this treatment has been upheld against claims of racial discrimination. The Court also held that Congress has the authority to legislate over reservation territory, and as long as the Congressional legislation is fair, it does not violate Equal Protection to try individuals under the federal laws rather than the state.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":33397,"name":"John W. Walker","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_w_walker","view_count":0,"last_name":"Walker","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"john_w_walker"},"advocate_description":"for respondents Leonard and William Davison","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/10382"},{"advocate":{"ID":15485,"name":"Allen V. 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