{"ID":51629,"name":"Califano v. Goldfarb","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1976\/75-699","view_count":0,"docket_number":"75-699","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Joseph Califano, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare","second_party":"Leon Goldfarb","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[213339600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/32467"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[226130400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/32468"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ELeon Goldfarb was a widower who applied for survivor\u0027s benefits under the Social Security Act. Even though his wife Hannah had paid Social Security taxes for 25 years, his application was denied. To be eligible for benefits under 42 U.S.C. Section 402, he must have been receiving half his support from his wife at her time of death. Section 402 did not impose this requirement on widows whose husbands had recently passed away. Goldfarb challenged this statute under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. The District Court ruled that the statute was unconstitutional. The Government appealed to the Supreme Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDo the gender-based requirements for survivor\u0027s benefits in Section 402 violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 5-4 decision, the Court affirmed the District Court in holding the statute unconstitutional. Writing for a four-justice plurality, Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. described this situation as \u0022indistinguishable\u0022 from the one in \u003Cem\u003EWeinberger v. Wiesenfeld\u003C\/em\u003E, where a similar statute was invalidated. 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