{"ID":51718,"name":"Mincey v. Arizona","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1977\/77-5353","view_count":0,"docket_number":"77-5353","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Rufus Junior Mincey","second_party":"Arizona","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[256888800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/32619"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[267253200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/32620"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[245912400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53669"}],"lower_court":{"ID":24,"name":"Arizona Supreme Court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/24"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EOn October 28, 1974, Officer Barry Headricks of the Tucson Metropolitan Area Narcotics Squad allegedly arranged to purchase a quantity of heroin from Rufus Mincey. Later, Officer Headricks knocked on the door of Mincey\u0027s apartment, accompanied by nine other plainclothes officers. Mincey\u2019s acquaintance, John Hodgman, opened the door. Officer Headricks slipped inside and quickly went to the bedroom. As the other officers entered the apartment -- despite Hodgman\u2019s attempts to stop them -- the sound of gunfire came from the bedroom. Officer Headricks emerged from the bedroom and collapsed on the floor; he died a few hours later.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe other officers found Mincey lying on the floor of his bedroom, wounded and semiconscious, then quickly searched the apartment for other injured persons. Mincey suffered damage to his sciatic nerve and partial paralysis of his right leg; a doctor described him as depressed almost to the point of being comatose. A detective interrogated him for several hours at the hospital, ignoring Mincey\u2019s repeated requests for counsel. In addition, soon after the shooting, two homicide detectives arrived at the apartment and took charge of the investigation. Their search lasted for four days, during which officers searched, photographed and diagrammed the entire apartment. They did not, however, obtain a warrant.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe state charged Mincey with murder, assault, and three counts of narcotics offenses. Much of the prosecution\u2019s evidence was the product of the extensive search of Mincey\u2019s apartment. Mincey contended at trial that this evidence was unconstitutionally taken without a warrant and that his statements were inadmissible because they were not made voluntarily. In a preliminary hearing, the court found that Mincey made the statements voluntarily. Mincey\u2019s motion to suppress evidence taken from his apartment was also denied, and he was convicted on all charges. The Supreme Court of Arizona held that the warrantless search of Mincey\u2019s apartment was constitutional because it was a search of a murder scene, and that Mincey\u2019s statements were admissible for impeachment purposes, reversing the murder and assault charges on other grounds.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003E1. Did the admission of evidence taken during a four-day long warrantless search of Mincey\u2019s residence constitute an unreasonable search or seizure under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E2. Did the admission of Mincey\u2019s responses to police questioning made while he was a patient in the intensive care unit of a hospital violate his privilege against self-incrimination, rights to counsel and due process under the Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes and yes. In an 8-1 opinion written by Justice Potter Stewart, the Court held that the extensive, warrantless search of Mincey\u2019s apartment was unreasonable and unconstitutional under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. Justice Stewart wrote that warrantless searches were \u003Ci\u003Eper se\u003C\/i\u003E unreasonable with a few specific exceptions, and rejected Arizona\u2019s argument that the search of a homicide scene was one of these exceptions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Stewart rejected Arizona\u2019s contention that Mincey forfeited his right to privacy in his home by shooting Officer Headricks. He pointed out that this argument assumed Mincey\u2019s guilt, also writing that the fact of Mincey\u2019s arrest did not remove his right to privacy in his home. Justice Stewart also rejected Arizona\u2019s argument that the search of the homicide scene was justified by emergency circumstances or by vital public interest in prompt investigation of the scene. He wrote that there were no exigent circumstances allowing the search, and held that the seriousness of the alleged crime did not create those circumstances.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Stewart also held that Mincey\u2019s statements were inadmissible because they were not made voluntarily. He looked to the circumstances, focusing on Mincey\u2019s physical state during Detective Hust\u2019s interrogation. Mincey was in the intensive care unit, barely conscious, heavily encumbered by medical equipment, and completely at Detective Hust\u2019s mercy. Justice Stewart also focused on Mincey\u2019s repeated statements that he did not want to speak without a lawyer.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Thurgood Marshall concurred, joined by Justice William Brennan. Justice Marshall emphasized the practical difficulties created by denying petitioners a federal habeas remedy for Fourth Amendment violations arising out of state criminal convictions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William Rehnquist concurred in part and dissented in part. He agreed that the warrantless search was unconstitutional, but argued that the majority failed to defer to the trial court\u2019s determination that Mincey\u2019s statements were voluntary.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":40112,"name":"Richard Oseran","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/richard_oseran","view_count":0,"last_name":"Oseran","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"richard_oseran"},"advocate_description":"for petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/10727"},{"advocate":{"ID":26294,"name":"Galen H. 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