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Both applications were denied certification solely on that ground. Norwick filed suit in federal district court, which Dachinger later joined. The three-judge district court ruled in their favor, arguing that the statute as \u0022overbroad.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the New York statute violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In a 5-4 opinion, the Court reversed the District Court and held that states could be justified in barring aliens from certain positions in government. Justice Lewis F. Powell\u0027s majority opinion asserted the state\u0027s interest in charging teachers with \u0022an obligation to promote civic virtues and understanding in their classes, regardless of the subject taught.\u0022 The statute furthered this interest, in that it affected only non-citizens who did not want to seek citizenship. 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