{"ID":52019,"name":"Duren v. Missouri","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1978\/77-6067","view_count":0,"docket_number":"77-6067","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Billy Duren ","second_party":"Missouri","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[278748000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33155"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[284709600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33156"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[262846800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53713"}],"lower_court":{"ID":46,"name":"Supreme Court of Missouri","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/46"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EA jury convicted Billy Duren of first degree murder and first degree robbery.  Duren alleged that the selection of this jury violated his Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment right to a trial by a jury chosen from a fair cross section of the community.  Specifically, Jackson County allowed an automatic exemption from jury service for women upon request.  While women made up 54% of the population in the Jackson County, only 26.7% of people summoned from the jury wheel were women.  Defendant had an all-male jury selected from a panel of 48 men and 5 women.  The Missouri Supreme Court affirmed the conviction, questioning the validity of Duren\u2019s statistics.  The court also held that even if women were disproportionally excluded from jury service, the amount of women who participated in the process was well above constitutional standards.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes Jackson County\u2019s practice of automatically exempting women from jury duty on request violate the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment guarantees to a trial by a jury chosen from a fair cross section of the community?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes.  Justice Byron R. White, writing for an 8-1 majority, reversed the state court and remanded.  The Supreme Court held that Duren\u2019s statistical evidence sufficiently proved that Jackson County\u2019s jury selection process violated his constitutional rights.  Duren showed an underrepresented \u201cdistinctive\u201d group resulting from Jackson County\u2019s practice of exempting women.  Also, there was no significant state interest to justify exempting women from jury service.  Justice William H. Rehnquist dissented, arguing that the majority incorrectly used an combination of the Due Process clause and Equal Protection clause to make their decision.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":34903,"name":"Lee M. 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