{"ID":51954,"name":"Fare v. Michael C.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1978\/78-334","view_count":0,"docket_number":"78-334","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Kenneth F. Fare, Acting Chief Probation Officer ","second_party":"Michael C.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[288943200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33043"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[298702800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33044"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[278575200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53758"}],"lower_court":{"ID":26,"name":"Supreme Court of California","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/26"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EPolice arrested Michael C., a 16 year old, on suspicion of murder.  Michael was already on probation and had a long history of criminal offenses.  Before questioning, policed informed Michael of his Fifth Amendment rights under \u003Ci\u003EMiranda v Arizona\u003C\/i\u003E, 384 U.S. 436(1966).  Michael asked for his parole officer, but police said he was not available.  Police offered Michael an attorney, which he refused.  During questioning, Michael made incriminating statements that linked himself to the murder.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt trial, Michael moved to suppress statements and sketches he drew during police questioning.  The trial court denied the motion.  On appeal, the Supreme Court of California reversed, holding that Michael\u2019s request for his probation officer automatically invoked his Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination just as if Michael had asked for an attorney.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes a juvenile\u2019s request for his probation officer trigger the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo.  In a 5-4 decision, Justice Harry A. Blackmun wrote the majority opinion reversing the state court.  The Supreme Court held that a juvenile\u2019s request for a probation officer does not invoke the Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination.  A court must look at the totality of the circumstances in each case to determine whether a juvenile waived that right.  In this case, Michael knowingly waived his right to remain silent, so all evidence obtained during the police questioning is admissible in court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Thurgood Marshall wrote a dissent, stating that \u003Ci\u003EMiranda\u003C\/i\u003E requires police questioning to stop whenever a juvenile requests an adult who represents his interests.  The case-by-case approach does not provide police with adequate guidance for future procedure.  Justices William J. Brennan and John Paul Stevens joined in the dissent.  Justice Lewis F. 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