{"ID":51997,"name":"North Carolina v. Butler","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1978\/78-354","view_count":0,"docket_number":"78-354","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"North Carolina","second_party":"Willie Thomas Butler","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[291362400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33115"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[293781600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33116"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[282204000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53732"}],"lower_court":{"ID":54,"name":"North Carolina Supreme Court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/54"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EAn FBI officer read Willie Thomas Butler his rights under \u003Ci\u003EMiranda v Arizona\u003C\/i\u003E after arresting him on a federal warrant.  At Butler\u2019s interrogation, the officer gave Butler an \u201cAdvice of Rights\u201d form and asked him to sign it to indicate that he understood his rights.  Butler refused to sign the waiver portion of the form, but indicated that he would like to talk to the officer.  Butler did not ask for an attorney.  Butler proceeded to make incriminating statements, which were introduced as evidence at trial.  Butler moved to suppress the evidence, but the trial court denied the motion.  The court held that Butler had effectively waived his right to an attorney when he spoke with the FBI officer after indicating that he understood his rights.  The jury found Butler guilty of kidnapping, armed robbery, and felonious assault.  On appeal, the Supreme Court of North Carolina reversed the convictions and ordered a new trial, holding that statements made under interrogation are not admissible without an express waiver of rights.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs a defendant\u2019s self-incriminating testimony inadmissible when there is no express waiver of \u003Ci\u003EMiranda\u003C\/i\u003E rights?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo.  In a 5-3 decision, Justice Potter Stewart wrote the majority opinion reversing and remanding.  The Supreme Court held that \u003Ci\u003EMiranda\u003C\/i\u003E did not require adopting an inflexible per se rule.  Also, 10 of 11 U.S. Courts of Appeals have held that express waiver is not necessary.  It is up to the lower court to determine whether Butler impliedly waived his rights.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Harry A. Blackmun wrote a concurrence, stating that he assumed the court did not rely on the \u201cintentional relinquishment of a known right\u201d formula from earlier Supreme Court precedent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William J. Brennan wrote a dissent, stating that an express waiver is required under Miranda.  Justices Thurgood Marshall and John Paul Stevens joined in the dissent.  Justice Lewis F. Powell did not participate.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":34285,"name":"Lester V. Chalmers, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/lester_v_chalmers_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Chalmers,","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"lester_v_chalmers_jr"},"advocate_description":"for petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/11280"},{"advocate":{"ID":38723,"name":"R. 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