{"ID":52028,"name":"Dunaway v. New York","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1978\/78-5066","view_count":0,"docket_number":"78-5066","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Irving Jerome Dunaway","second_party":"State of New York","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[290844000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33172"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[297406800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33173"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[280994400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53527"}],"lower_court":{"ID":76,"name":"State appellate court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/state_appellate_court"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EOn March 26, 1971, the proprietor of a Rochester, New York pizza parlor was killed in an attempted robbery. On August 10, 1971, the police received a lead implicating Irving Dunaway, but the lead did not provide enough information to arrest him. Nevertheless, the police brought him in for questioning. He was not told he was under arrest, but he would be physically restrained if he attempted to leave. After being informed of his Miranda rights, Dunaway waived his right to counsel and made statements and a drawing that incriminated himself.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt trial, Dunaway filed a motion to suppress the evidence of his confession and drawing. The motion was denied and he was convicted. The Appellate Division of the Fourth Department and the New York Court of Appeals both affirmed. The Supreme Court granted certiorari, vacated the judgment, and remanded the case for reconsideration in light of \u003Ci\u003EBrown v. Illinois\u003C\/i\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Monroe County Court determined that the motion to suppress should have been granted under \u003Ci\u003EBrown\u003C\/i\u003E. The Appellate Division of the Fourth Department reversed and held that suspects can be detained and questioned without violating Fourth or Fifth Amendment rights. The New York Court of Appeals dismissed Dunaway\u2019s application for leave to appeal.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs bringing a suspect into custody for questioning subject to the same probable cause standards as an arrest?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003E Yes. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. delivered the opinion of the 6-2 majority. The Supreme Court held that the police violated Dunaway\u2019s Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights by picking him up and taking him to the police station to be questioned without probable cause. Because picking someone up for questioning involves an intrusion on par with that of an arrest, it is held to the standard of \u201cprobable cause\u201d rather than the lower standard of \u201creasonable suspicion.\u201d The Court also held that the confession stemmed directly from the illegal questioning, and without an intervening event, the confession should have been considered tainted evidence and not allowed into evidence at trial.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Byron R. White wrote a concurring opinion in which he argued that the key principle of the Fourth Amendment was the balancing of competing interests. He wrote that, while there must be general rules for police conduct, cases should be considered based on their individual facts. In this case, the questioning was too close to an arrest to fit any other criteria.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his concurring opinion, Justice John Paul Stevens wrote that an illegal arrest is only relevant to determining the voluntariness of a confession if it can be shown that the conduct of the illegal arrest was what motivated the confession.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William H. Rehnquist wrote a dissent, arguing that not all interactions between citizens and police officers are seizures of persons. Because Dunaway willingly accompanied officers to the police station, his time at the police station could not be deemed a seizure. He also argued that, because the police acted in good faith and gave Dunaway the Miranda warnings, his statements and drawings should be considered voluntary and admissible. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger joined in the dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Lewis F. 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