{"ID":51913,"name":"Payton v. New York","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1978\/78-5420","view_count":0,"docket_number":"78-5420","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Payton","second_party":"New York","timeline":[{"event":"Reargued","dates":[308293200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/51789"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[324626400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52109"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[291276000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52110"}],"lower_court":{"ID":53,"name":"New York Court of Appeals","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/53"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ENew York City police suspected Theodore Payton of murdering a gas station manager. The police forcibly entered Payton\u0027s home thinking he was there (he was not) and found evidence connecting Payton to the crime, which was introduced at Payton\u0027s trial. The police lacked an arrest warrant when they entered his home. However, they acted under a New York law allowing police to enter a private residence to make a felony arrest without a warrant. At trial, Payton unsuccessfully sought to suppress the evidence as the fruit of an illegal search. State courts upheld. In the companion case, victims identified Obie Riddick in June 1973 for robberies in 1971. Police learned of his whereabouts in 1974. Without a warrant, they knocked on his door, entered his residence and arrested him. A search for weapons revealed illegal drugs. He was indicted on narcotics charges but sought the suppression of the evidence based on a warrantless entry. The trial judge concluded that the entry was authorized by the New York law and that the search was therefore permissible. Riddick was convicted. The appeals court affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes New York statute authorizing warrantless arrests and searches violate the Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice John Paul Stevens, writing for the 6 to 3 majority, held that the Fourth Amendment, as applied to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment, \u0022prohibits the police from making a warrantless and nonconsensual entry into a suspect\u0027s home in order to make a routine felony arrest.\u0022 Warrantless arrests and searches went to the core of the Fourth Amendment\u0027s protection of privacy in a citizen\u0027s dwelling. This protection was too important to be violated on the basis of a police officer\u0027s on-the-spot decision regarding probable cause. In the absence of special circumstances, a search of a residence is permissible only after a finding of probable cause by a neutral magistrate issuing a search warrant. Justice Byron R. White, joined by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger and Justice William H. Rehnquist, dissented. White maintained that common law and practice prior to and at the time the Fourth Amendment was adopted did not limit a police officer\u0027s inherent power to arrest or search.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":44962,"name":"William E. Hellerstein","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_e_hellerstein","view_count":0,"last_name":"Hellerstein","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"william_e_hellerstein"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of the Appellants","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/11108"},{"advocate":{"ID":38472,"name":"Peter L. 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