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When officers arrived to conduct the search, they also conducted a cursory pat down for weapons on all of the patrons in the bar, pursuant to an Illinois state statute that allows officers to search persons on the premises during the execution of a valid search warrant. During the pat down, an officer found and retrieved a cigarette pouch from the pocket of one of the patrons, Ventura Ybarra, that contained tin foil packets of a substance later confirmed to be heroin.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYbarra was subsequently indicted for possession of a controlled substance. He filed a pretrial motion to suppress the evidence of the contraband that had been seized from his person during the search at the bar. The trial court denied the motion. Ybarra was found guilty. On appeal, the Illinois Court of Appeals upheld the constitutionality of the statute as it applied to the facts of this case because it was obvious that there was a connection between Ybarra and the premises being searched. The Illinois Supreme Court denied Ybarra\u2019s petition for appeal.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the Illinois state statute that allows authorities to search persons on the premises during the execution of a valid search warrant violate the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EJustice Potter Stewart delivered the opinion of the 6-3 majority. The Supreme Court held that there was no probable cause to suspect any of the patrons of committing a crime simply because they are on the premises during a search. Without any particular indication that a person is connected to the premises for the reasons the search is being conducted, a police search of the person violates the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. The Court also held that even an initial pat-down search is unconstitutional without a reasonable belief that the person is armed and dangerous.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChief Justice Warren E. Burger wrote a dissenting opinion in which he argued that the majority\u2019s opinion creates an unnecessarily broad reading of the exclusionary rule and ignores the practical needs of law enforcement. He also argued that it was perfectly reasonable for the police to search persons found on the premises of a bar known as a place for the procurement of drugs and that the law must account for the safety of officers in performing their duty. Justices Harry A. Blackmun and William H. Rehnquist joined in the dissent. In his separate dissent, Justice Rehnquist wrote that the warrant requirement of the Fourth Amendment calls for specificity regarding the location to be searched and the person or things to be seized, not the persons from whom items will be taken. He argued that it was not practical to prohibit law enforcement from flexibility in the performance of their duty. The courts may consider the reasonableness of an individual search based on the scope of the intrusion and the justification to determine whether it violated the defendant\u2019s Fourth Amendment rights. Chief Justice Burger and Justice Blackmun joined in the dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":36413,"name":"Melbourne A. Noel, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/melbourne_a_noel_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Noel,","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"melbourne_a_noel_jr"},"advocate_description":"on behalf of the Appellee","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/11677"},{"advocate":{"ID":16098,"name":"Alan D. 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