{"ID":52210,"name":"Godfrey v. Georgia","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1979\/78-6899","view_count":0,"docket_number":"78-6899","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Robert Franklin Godfrey","second_party":"Georgia","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[319874400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33498"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[327560400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33499"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[308293200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53512"}],"lower_court":{"ID":31,"name":"Supreme Court of Georgia","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/31"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn September 1977, Robert Franklin Godfrey and his wife had a heated argument. After Godfrey consumed a number of beers, threatened his wife with a knife, and tore her clothes, she threatened to leave him and then left to stay with relatives. Within a few days, she had secured a warrant against Godfrey for aggravated assault and filed for divorce. On September 20, they argued again, and Godfrey\u2019s wife told him that reconciliation was impossible. Godfrey went to his mother-in-law\u2019s trailer with his shotgun. He shot his wife through the window, struck his daughter with the butt of the gun, and shot his mother-in-law. Godfrey then called the police, explained what had happened, and asked them to come and pick him up.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGodfrey was indicted on two counts of murder, and one count of aggravated assault. He pled not guilty, and argued the defense of temporary insanity. Godfrey was found guilty, and at the sentencing phase of the trial, the same jury sentenced him to the death penalty on both counts of murder. Georgia law states that a person my be convicted of murder and sentenced to the death penalty if it was beyond a reasonable doubt that the offense committed was \u201coutrageously or wantonly vile, horrible, or inhuman in that it involved torture, depravity of the mind, or an aggressive battery to the victim.\u201d The Georgia Supreme Court affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs the Georgia law governing the death penalty \u201carbitrary and capricious\u201d in violation of the Eighth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EJustice Potter Stewart delivered the opinion of the 6-3 plurality. The Supreme Court held that the Georgia law was unconstitutionally vague and failed to properly distinguish between those cases that would be eligible for the death penalty and those that wouldn\u2019t. Even accepting the law, the Court found no evidence that Godfrey\u2019s crimes contained the elements described in the law. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Thurgood Marshall wrote a concurring opinion where he argued not only that the law was unconstitutional, but also that a death penalty sentencing requires much more restrictive sentencing guidelines. He also argued that the death penalty itself was unconstitutional under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., joined in the concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChief Justice Warren E. Burger wrote a dissenting opinion and argued that the plurality\u2019s decision leads to death penalty sentences being imposed on a case-by-case basis, which is more arbitrary than the current Georgia law. In his dissenting opinion, Justice Byron R. White argued that the Georgia law provided strict enough requirements to ensure that the imposition of the death penalty was not disproportionate to the crime. He also argued that the Supreme Court should not interfere with the decisions of the Georgia Supreme Court when they are \u201cresponsibly and consistently interpreting state law.\u201d Justice William H. Rehnquist joined in the dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":30883,"name":"J. Calloway Holmes, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/j_calloway_holmes_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Holmes,","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"j_calloway_holmes_jr"},"advocate_description":"for Petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/11720"},{"advocate":{"ID":30070,"name":"John W. 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