{"ID":52188,"name":"Supreme Court of Virginia v. Consumers Union of the United States, Inc.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1979\/79-198","view_count":0,"docket_number":"79-198","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Supreme Court of Virginia, et al.","second_party":"Consumers Union of the United States, Inc., et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[319788000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33456"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[328770000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33457"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[308811600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53525"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Code of Virginia authorizes the Supreme Court of Virginia to regulate and discipline attorneys. Under this authority, the Virginia court promulgated the Virginia Code of Professional Responsibility (Bar Code), and the content makes it clear that the Virginia court holds all legislative and regulatory power over the legal profession in the state. The court also adjudicates alleged violations of the Bar Code.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 1974, Consumers Union of the United States sought to prepare a legal directory designed to assist consumers in making informed decisions about legal representation. Consumers Union attempted to canvass all of the attorneys of Arlington County, Virginia, for the information for their directory. Many attorneys refused to provide the requested information for fear of violating the Bar Code\u2019s prohibition against attorney advertising and providing the type of information the Consumers Union sought to publish.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn February 27, 1975, Consumers Union and the Virginia Citizens Consumer Council sued the Virginia Supreme Court, the Virginia State Bar, the American Bar Association, and other individuals. The plaintiffs alleged violations of their First and Fourteenth Amendment rights to gather, publish, and receive factual information concerning attorneys practicing in Arlington County. The plaintiffs sought a declaration and an injunction against the enforcement of the relevant section of the Bar Code.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe district court held that the section of the Bar Code unconstitutionally restricted access to information concerning the attorneys\u2019 initial consultation fees, but did not enjoin the enforcement of the code as it relates to advertising. Consumers Union appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which held that the prohibition of attorney advertising violated the First and Fourteenth Amendments. The Court vacated the judgment and remanded the case. On remand, the district court held that the section of the Bar Code was unconstitutional in its entirety and enjoined its enforcement. Consumers Union moved for the awarding of attorneys fees, which the Virginia Court objected to on the grounds that it had judicial immunity. The district court awarded attorneys fees against the Supreme Court of Virginia.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs the Supreme Court of Virginia immune from a suit brought under the Civil Rights Code of 1983?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECan the Supreme Court of Virginia be liable for attorney\u2019s fees?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo, no. Justice Byron R. White delivered the unanimous opinion. The Court held that the Supreme Court of Virginia was immune to suits in its legislative capacity, just as any other legislative body would be. However, the Supreme Court of Virginia has the power to enforce the Code, and this suit was brought against it in its enforcement capacity. The Court held that suits for declaratory and injunctive relief can be brought against the Supreme Court of Virginia in its enforcement capacity. The Court also held that the Supreme Court of Virginia cannot be liable for attorney\u2019s fees because it has legislative immunity. The legislative history surrounding the issue of legislative immunity shows that Congress intended agencies that have legislative immunity to also be immune from attorney\u2019s fees.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Lewis F. Powell, Jr. did not participate in the discussion or consideration of this case.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":35656,"name":"Marshall Coleman","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/marshall_coleman","view_count":0,"last_name":"Coleman","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"marshall_coleman"},"advocate_description":"for appellants","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/11671"},{"advocate":{"ID":21931,"name":"Ellen Broadman","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/ellen_broadman","view_count":0,"last_name":"Broadman","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"ellen_broadman"},"advocate_description":"for appellees","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/11672"}],"oral_argument_audio":[{"id":15705,"title":"Oral Argument - February 19, 1980","public_note":null,"unavailable":null,"display_title":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_media\/oral_argument_audio\/15705"}],"citation":{"volume":"446","page":"719","year":"1980","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_citation\/case_citation\/16116"},"decisions":[{"description":null,"votes":[{"member":{"ID":15043,"name":"Potter Stewart","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/potter_stewart","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stewart","roles":[{"id":2687,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-353962800,"date_end":362984400,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. 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