{"ID":52169,"name":"Aaron v. SEC","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1979\/79-66","view_count":0,"docket_number":"79-66","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Peter E. Aaron","second_party":"Securities and Exchange Commission","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[320306400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33421"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[328770000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33422"}],"lower_court":{"ID":7,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/7"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EWhile working for his father\u2019s broker-dealer firm, Peter E. Aaron was in charge of supervising sales of securities made by other employees and maintaining files on the companies that issued the securities sold by the firm. In the fall of 1974, two of Aaron\u2019s employees began telling prospective investors that they should buy shares of the Lawn-A-Mat Chemical \u0026amp; Equipment Corporation (Lawn-A-Mat) because the company planned to manufacture a new type of small car within the next six weeks. An attorney for Lawn-A-Mat contacted Aaron twice and informed him that the company had no plans to manufacture a car, but Aaron did not ensure that the employees would stop making those statements in promoting the Lawn-A-Mat stock. In 1976, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filed a complaint against Aaron in district court and alleged that he had violated, and aided and abetted violations of, Section 17(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 (1933 Act), Section 10(b) of the Securities Act of 1934 (\u201c1934 Act\u201d), and Rule 10b-5, which is a rule promulgated by the SEC to implement Section 10(b). The district court found that Aaron had violated the securities laws in question through his \u201cintentional failure\u201d to stop the fraudulent practices of the employees working under him. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the judgment but declined to reach the question of whether Aaron\u2019s conduct amounted to an intent to \u201cdeceive, manipulate, or defraud.\u201d Instead the Court of Appeals held that proof of negligence is sufficient to establish a violation of Section 17(a) of the 1933 Act, Section 10(b) of the 1934 Act, and Rule 10b-5.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EMust the SEC prove that that the defendant intended to \u201cdeceive, manipulate, or defraud\u201d in an action that alleges violations of Section 17(a) of the \u201933 Act and Section 10(b) of the \u201934 Act and Rule 10b-5?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice Potter Stewart delivered the opinion of the 6-3 majority. The Court held that plain language and the legislative history of the statutes required the SEC to establish defendant\u2019s intent to \u201cdeceive, manipulate, or defraud\u201d for violations of Section 10(b) and the part of Section 17(a) that specifically refers to the use of a device, scheme, or artifice with intent to defraud. Employing the same textual and legislative history analysis, the Court further held that the parts Section 17(a) that deal with false statements, omissions of fact, and transactions or practices that operate as fraud do not contain an intent requirement.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChief Justice Warren E. Burger wrote a concurring opinion in which he urged those critical of the public policy implications to voice their complaints to Congress. He also argued that the Court of Appeals should have affirmed the ruling on the ground that Aaron \u201cintentionally failed\u201d to terminate the fraudulent statements about Lawn-A-Mat stock.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Harry A. Blackmun wrote an opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part in which he argued that the SEC should not be required to prove the defendants intent to establish a violation of Section 10(b), Rule 10b-5, or Section 17(a). Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. and Justice Thurgood Marshall joined in the opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":17613,"name":"Barry M. 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