{"ID":52135,"name":"Walter v. United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1979\/79-67","view_count":0,"docket_number":"79-67","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"William Walter","second_party":"United States","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[320392800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33362"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[330325200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33363"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[308811600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53534"}],"lower_court":{"ID":10,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/10"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EOn September 25, 1975, 12 packages containing 871 boxes of films depicting homosexual activities were shipped from St. Petersburg, Florida, to Atlanta, Georgia. Though addressed to Leggs, Inc., the boxes were mistakenly delivered to the address of L\u2019Eggs Products, Inc. Employees of L\u2019Eggs Products opened the boxes and found the boxes of films, which contained suggestive drawings on one side and descriptions on the other. One of the employees opened one of the boxes of films and unsuccessfully attempted to view portions of the film. The FBI became involved on October 1, 1975 and, without making any effort to obtain a warrant, projected and viewed the films.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn April 6, 1977, William Walter, Arthur Randall Sanders, Jr., and Gulf Coast News Agency, Inc. were indicted on obscenity charges relating to the interstate transportation of the boxes of films. Petitioners filed a motion to suppress use of the films as evidence. The motion was denied, and the petitioners were convicted. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs the warrantless projection of films a violation of the Fourth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice John Paul Stevens delivered the opinion of the 5-4 majority. The Court held that projection and viewing of the films constituted a search, and there were no exigent circumstances to justify the lack of a warrant. The fact that the FBI was lawfully in possession of the boxes did not grant them the authority to view the films without a warrant. The Court also held that the fact that the boxes had been opened by a third party, which placed information about the content of the films in plain view, did not alter the owner\u2019s legitimate expectation of privacy. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Thurgood Marshall concurred in the judgment.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Byron R. White wrote an opinion concurring in part and concurring in judgment. He argued that even if the films had been viewed by a third party before the FBI viewed them, the government could not consider the films to be in plain view and warrants unnecessary. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. joined in the partial concurrence and partial dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Harry A. Blackmun wrote a dissent and argued that the Fourth Amendment only prevented unlawful searches and seizures by the government. 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