{"ID":52461,"name":"Rogers v. Lodge","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1981\/80-2100","view_count":0,"docket_number":"80-2100","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Rogers","second_party":"Lodge","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[383292000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33951"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[394347600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33952"}],"lower_court":{"ID":10,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/10"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EEight black citizens of Burke County, Georgia, challenged the at-large system of elections within the county. Although a substantial number of blacks lived within the county, no minority candidate had ever been elected to the Burke County Board of Commissioners, the chief governing body. To be elected, candidates had to receive a majority of the votes cast in the primary or general election.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the system of elections violate the Fourteenth Amendment rights of Burke County\u0027s black citizens?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a 6-to-3 decision, the Court held that the at-large system of elections in Burke County violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court held that there was sufficient evidence to warrant the conclusion that the at-large system was operated as a purposeful device to further racial discrimination. The Court held that there was extensive historical evidence that the county had impeded the political participation of black citizens and that the at-large system minimized even further the ability of blacks to participate in the political process. The Court also upheld the system of single-member districts established by a district court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":22691,"name":"E. Freeman Leverett","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/e_freeman_leverett","view_count":0,"last_name":"Leverett","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"e_freeman_leverett"},"advocate_description":"Argued the cause for the appellants","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/12237"},{"advocate":{"ID":21708,"name":"David F. Walbert","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/david_f_walbert","view_count":0,"last_name":"Walbert","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"david_f_walbert"},"advocate_description":"Argued the cause for the appellees","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/12238"}],"oral_argument_audio":[{"id":18844,"title":"Oral Argument - February 23, 1982","public_note":null,"unavailable":null,"display_title":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_media\/oral_argument_audio\/18844"}],"citation":{"volume":"458","page":"613","year":"1982","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_citation\/case_citation\/16389"},"decisions":[{"description":null,"votes":[{"member":{"ID":15104,"name":"Thurgood Marshall","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/thurgood_marshall","view_count":0,"last_name":"Marshall","roles":[{"id":2748,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-71002800,"date_end":686293200,"appointing_president":"Lyndon B. Johnson","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2748"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32770,"mime":"image\/png","size":59272,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/thurgood_marshall\/thurgood_marshall.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8765,"identifier":"thurgood_marshall"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":null,"seniority":4,"ideology":-3.622,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/152393"},{"member":{"ID":15140,"name":"William J. Brennan, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brennan","roles":[{"id":2786,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-416862000,"date_end":648450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2786"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32778,"mime":"image\/png","size":56873,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr\/william_j_brennan_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12330,"identifier":"william_j_brennan_jr"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":null,"seniority":2,"ideology":-2.595,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/152394"},{"member":{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"majority","joining":null,"seniority":3,"ideology":0.184,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/152395"},{"member":{"ID":15073,"name":"Warren E. Burger","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/warren_e_burger","view_count":0,"last_name":"Burger","roles":[{"id":2717,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-16570800,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2717"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32773,"mime":"image\/png","size":52511,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/warren_e_burger\/warren_e_burger.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6304,"identifier":"warren_e_burger"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":null,"seniority":1,"ideology":1.601,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/152396"},{"member":{"ID":15045,"name":"Harry A. Blackmun","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/harry_a_blackmun","view_count":0,"last_name":"Blackmun","roles":[{"id":2689,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":13755600,"date_end":775890000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2689"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32712,"mime":"image\/png","size":50281,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/harry_a_blackmun\/harry_a_blackmun.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8821,"identifier":"harry_a_blackmun"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":null,"seniority":5,"ideology":-0.278,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/152397"},{"member":{"ID":15119,"name":"Lewis F. Powell, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Powell","roles":[{"id":2764,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":551682000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2764"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32738,"mime":"image\/png","size":53543,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr\/lewis_f_powell_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5649,"identifier":"lewis_f_powell_jr"},"vote":"minority","opinion_type":"dissent","joining":null,"seniority":6,"ideology":0.959,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/152398"},{"member":{"ID":15141,"name":"William H. Rehnquist","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_h_rehnquist","view_count":0,"last_name":"Rehnquist","roles":[{"id":2787,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2787"},{"id":2788,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":528094800,"date_end":1125723600,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2788"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32786,"mime":"image\/png","size":46923,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_h_rehnquist\/william_h_rehnquist.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12293,"identifier":"william_h_rehnquist"},"vote":"minority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15119,"name":"Lewis F. Powell, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Powell","roles":[{"id":2764,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":551682000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2764"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32738,"mime":"image\/png","size":53543,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr\/lewis_f_powell_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5649,"identifier":"lewis_f_powell_jr"}],"seniority":7,"ideology":4.171,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/152399"},{"member":{"ID":15060,"name":"John Paul Stevens","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_paul_stevens","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stevens","roles":[{"id":2704,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":188200800,"date_end":1277787600,"appointing_president":"Gerald Ford","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2704"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32732,"mime":"image\/png","size":62101,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_paul_stevens\/john_paul_stevens.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12611,"identifier":"john_paul_stevens"},"vote":"minority","opinion_type":"dissent","joining":null,"seniority":8,"ideology":-0.331,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/152400"},{"member":{"ID":15092,"name":"Sandra Day O\u0027Connor","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/sandra_day_oconnor","view_count":0,"last_name":"O\u0027Connor","roles":[{"id":2736,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":370242000,"date_end":1138687200,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2736"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32763,"mime":"image\/png","size":49563,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/sandra_day_oconnor\/sandra_day_oconnor.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8894,"identifier":"sandra_day_oconnor"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":null,"seniority":9,"ideology":1.561,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/152401"}],"majority_vote":6,"minority_vote":3,"winning_party":null,"decision_type":"majority opinion","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_decision\/case_decision\/10455"}],"first_party_label":"Appellant","second_party_label":"Appellee","heard_by":[{"ID":15326,"name":"Burger Court (1981-1986)","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/burger8","view_count":0,"members":[{"ID":15073,"name":"Warren E. Burger","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/warren_e_burger","view_count":0,"last_name":"Burger","roles":[{"id":2717,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-16570800,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2717"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32773,"mime":"image\/png","size":52511,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/warren_e_burger\/warren_e_burger.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6304,"identifier":"warren_e_burger"},{"ID":15140,"name":"William J. Brennan, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brennan","roles":[{"id":2786,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-416862000,"date_end":648450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2786"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32778,"mime":"image\/png","size":56873,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr\/william_j_brennan_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12330,"identifier":"william_j_brennan_jr"},{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"},{"ID":15104,"name":"Thurgood Marshall","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/thurgood_marshall","view_count":0,"last_name":"Marshall","roles":[{"id":2748,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-71002800,"date_end":686293200,"appointing_president":"Lyndon B. Johnson","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2748"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32770,"mime":"image\/png","size":59272,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/thurgood_marshall\/thurgood_marshall.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8765,"identifier":"thurgood_marshall"},{"ID":15045,"name":"Harry A. Blackmun","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/harry_a_blackmun","view_count":0,"last_name":"Blackmun","roles":[{"id":2689,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":13755600,"date_end":775890000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2689"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32712,"mime":"image\/png","size":50281,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/harry_a_blackmun\/harry_a_blackmun.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8821,"identifier":"harry_a_blackmun"},{"ID":15119,"name":"Lewis F. Powell, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Powell","roles":[{"id":2764,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":551682000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2764"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32738,"mime":"image\/png","size":53543,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr\/lewis_f_powell_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5649,"identifier":"lewis_f_powell_jr"},{"ID":15141,"name":"William H. Rehnquist","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_h_rehnquist","view_count":0,"last_name":"Rehnquist","roles":[{"id":2787,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2787"},{"id":2788,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":528094800,"date_end":1125723600,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2788"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32786,"mime":"image\/png","size":46923,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_h_rehnquist\/william_h_rehnquist.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12293,"identifier":"william_h_rehnquist"},{"ID":15060,"name":"John Paul Stevens","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_paul_stevens","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stevens","roles":[{"id":2704,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":188200800,"date_end":1277787600,"appointing_president":"Gerald Ford","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2704"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32732,"mime":"image\/png","size":62101,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_paul_stevens\/john_paul_stevens.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12611,"identifier":"john_paul_stevens"},{"ID":15092,"name":"Sandra Day O\u0027Connor","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/sandra_day_oconnor","view_count":0,"last_name":"O\u0027Connor","roles":[{"id":2736,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":370242000,"date_end":1138687200,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2736"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32763,"mime":"image\/png","size":49563,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/sandra_day_oconnor\/sandra_day_oconnor.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8894,"identifier":"sandra_day_oconnor"}],"court_start":370242000,"images":[{"id":12275,"mime":"image\/jpeg","size":45423,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/courts\/burger8.jpg"}],"identifier":"burger8"}],"decided_by":{"ID":15326,"name":"Burger Court (1981-1986)","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/burger8","view_count":0,"members":[{"ID":15073,"name":"Warren E. Burger","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/warren_e_burger","view_count":0,"last_name":"Burger","roles":[{"id":2717,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-16570800,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2717"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32773,"mime":"image\/png","size":52511,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/warren_e_burger\/warren_e_burger.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":6304,"identifier":"warren_e_burger"},{"ID":15140,"name":"William J. Brennan, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brennan","roles":[{"id":2786,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-416862000,"date_end":648450000,"appointing_president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2786"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32778,"mime":"image\/png","size":56873,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_j_brennan_jr\/william_j_brennan_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12330,"identifier":"william_j_brennan_jr"},{"ID":15071,"name":"Byron R. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/byron_r_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2715,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-243367200,"date_end":741243600,"appointing_president":"John F. Kennedy","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2715"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32699,"mime":"image\/png","size":55559,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/byron_r_white\/byron_r_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":11396,"identifier":"byron_r_white"},{"ID":15104,"name":"Thurgood Marshall","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/thurgood_marshall","view_count":0,"last_name":"Marshall","roles":[{"id":2748,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-71002800,"date_end":686293200,"appointing_president":"Lyndon B. Johnson","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2748"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32770,"mime":"image\/png","size":59272,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/thurgood_marshall\/thurgood_marshall.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8765,"identifier":"thurgood_marshall"},{"ID":15045,"name":"Harry A. Blackmun","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/harry_a_blackmun","view_count":0,"last_name":"Blackmun","roles":[{"id":2689,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":13755600,"date_end":775890000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2689"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32712,"mime":"image\/png","size":50281,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/harry_a_blackmun\/harry_a_blackmun.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8821,"identifier":"harry_a_blackmun"},{"ID":15119,"name":"Lewis F. Powell, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Powell","roles":[{"id":2764,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":551682000,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2764"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32738,"mime":"image\/png","size":53543,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/lewis_f_powell_jr\/lewis_f_powell_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5649,"identifier":"lewis_f_powell_jr"},{"ID":15141,"name":"William H. Rehnquist","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/william_h_rehnquist","view_count":0,"last_name":"Rehnquist","roles":[{"id":2787,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":63612000,"date_end":528094800,"appointing_president":"Richard Nixon","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2787"},{"id":2788,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":528094800,"date_end":1125723600,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2788"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32786,"mime":"image\/png","size":46923,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/william_h_rehnquist\/william_h_rehnquist.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12293,"identifier":"william_h_rehnquist"},{"ID":15060,"name":"John Paul Stevens","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_paul_stevens","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stevens","roles":[{"id":2704,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":188200800,"date_end":1277787600,"appointing_president":"Gerald Ford","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2704"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32732,"mime":"image\/png","size":62101,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_paul_stevens\/john_paul_stevens.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12611,"identifier":"john_paul_stevens"},{"ID":15092,"name":"Sandra Day O\u0027Connor","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/sandra_day_oconnor","view_count":0,"last_name":"O\u0027Connor","roles":[{"id":2736,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":370242000,"date_end":1138687200,"appointing_president":"Ronald Reagan","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2736"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32763,"mime":"image\/png","size":49563,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/sandra_day_oconnor\/sandra_day_oconnor.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":8894,"identifier":"sandra_day_oconnor"}],"court_start":370242000,"images":[{"id":12275,"mime":"image\/jpeg","size":45423,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/courts\/burger8.jpg"}],"identifier":"burger8"},"term":"1981","location":{"latitude":33.090532,"longitude":-82.01549,"name":"Burke County","street":"602 N Liberty StWaynesboro GA 30830","city":"Waynesboro","province":"GA","postal_code":"30830","province_name":"Georgia"},"opinion_announcement":null,"description":null,"written_opinion":[{"id":7877,"title":"Syllabus","author":null,"type":{"value":"syllabus","label":"Syllabus"},"justia_opinion_id":1954690,"justia_opinion_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/458\/613\/","judge_full_name":null,"judge_last_name":null,"title_overwrite":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_document\/written_opinion\/7877"},{"id":7878,"title":"View Case","author":null,"type":{"value":"case","label":null},"justia_opinion_id":1954691,"justia_opinion_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/458\/613\/case.html","judge_full_name":null,"judge_last_name":null,"title_overwrite":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_document\/written_opinion\/7878"}],"related_cases":null,"justia_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/458\/613\/","argument2_url":null}