{"ID":52440,"name":"Eddings v. Oklahoma","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1981\/80-5727","view_count":0,"docket_number":"80-5727","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Monty Lee Eddings","second_party":"Oklahoma","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[373528800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33913"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[380268000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/33914"},{"event":"Granted","dates":[355384800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53688"}],"lower_court":{"ID":58,"name":"Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/58"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EOn April 4, 1977, sixteen-year-old Monty Lee Eddings and several of his friends ran away from home. Before leaving, Eddings took three of his father\u2019s firearms, including a .410 gauge shotgun with a shortened barrel. Before reaching the Turner Turnpike near Tulsa, the group stopped at a Howard Johnson restaurant. As they were leaving, Eddings lost control of the car, briefly sending it over a curb and into a ditch before regaining control. A witness observed this and informed an officer of the Oklahoma Highway Patrol, Patrolman Larry Crabtree, who followed their car and pulled it over. When Crabtree was within about six feet of the car, Eddings stuck the shotgun out of the window and fired it, killing Crabtree, then immediately drove the car away.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt trial, the defense presented evidence of circumstances mitigating Eddings\u2019 guilt, including the details of his extensive juvenile record in Missouri. Eddings\u2019 parents divorced when he was five, after which he was shuffled between his mother\u2019s house and his father\u2019s house and also spent some time in a group home. Witnesses testified that Eddings was emotionally disturbed and at a level several years below his age in terms of mental and emotional development. A state psychologist testified that Eddings had a sociopathic or antisocial personality disorder.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe state provided evidence of aggravating circumstances. Oklahoma alleged 1) that the murder was especially heinous, atrocious or cruel, 2) that the crime was committed to avoid a lawful arrest, and 3) that there was a probability that the defendant would commit more criminal acts of violence constituting a threat to society. The trial judge found that the state proved all three aggravating circumstances beyond a reasonable doubt. The judge also found that Eddings\u2019 age was a mitigating factor of great weight, but would not consider evidence of Eddings\u2019 \u201cviolent background.\u201d The judge then found that the aggravating circumstances proven by the state outweighed the fact of Eddings\u2019 age and sentenced him to death. The Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma affirmed the sentence, also holding that Eddings\u0027 death penalty sentence did not constitute cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the trial court commit a plain error when it failed to consider evidence of Eddings\u2019 unhappy childhood and emotional disturbance in its consideration of mitigating and aggravating circumstances?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 5-4 opinion written by Justice Louis Powell, the Court held that the trial court erred when it failed to consider mitigating evidence of Eddings\u2019 unhappy childhood and emotional disturbance. Justice Powell looked to the Court\u2019s decision in \u003Ci\u003ELockett v. Ohio\u003C\/i\u003E, where it held that a sentencer must consider any relevant aspect of a defendant\u2019s character or record as mitigating factors toward imposing a sentence less than death.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Powell then determined that the trial judge refused to consider the mitigating evidence of Eddings\u2019 family history as a matter of law, rather than finding that evidence wanting as a matter of fact. He also determined that the court of appeals limited the evidence of mitigating circumstances to the fact of Eddings\u2019 youth. He emphasized that the undisputed evidence of Eddings\u2019 violent background demonstrated that he was not a normal sixteen-year-old. Justice Powell held that the Oklahoma state courts must consider such evidence when imposing the death penalty, reversing the sentence and remanding the case for further proceedings.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice William Brennan concurred, repeating his view that the death penalty is in all circumstances cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor concurred, agreeing that the trial court incorrectly determined that it could not consider evidence of Eddings\u2019 violent background as a matter of law. She emphasized that the majority\u2019s holding did not change the Court\u2019s opinions establishing the constitutionality of the death penalty; nor did it determine whether the Constitution permits the imposition of the death penalty on a sixteen-year-old.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChief Justice Warren Burger dissented, joined by Justices Byron White, Harry Blackmun, and William Rehnquist. He pointed out that the Court granted certiorari to answer whether it was constitutional to impose the death penalty on a sixteen-year-old offender, and that Eddings raised the evidentiary question for the first time in his brief to the Court. He argued that both the trial judge and the court of appeals actually weighed the evidence of Eddings\u2019 violent background and found it lacking.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":29264,"name":"Jay C. 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