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Claiborne Hardware Company","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1981\/81-202","view_count":0,"docket_number":"81-202","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","second_party":"Claiborne Hardware Company","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[383983200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/34043"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[394434000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/34044"}],"lower_court":{"ID":45,"name":"Supreme Court of Mississippi","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/45"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1966, at a local meeting of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) attended by several hundred people in Claiborne County, Mississippi, the group launched a boycott of white merchants. The purpose of the boycott was to promote equality and racial justice. The boycott consisted of nonviolent picketing, but some acts and threats of violence also occurred. In 1969, white merchants sued the NAACP for damages as a result of the injuries to their businesses that the boycott caused. These damages included loss of earnings over a seven-year period. The Chancery Court imposed damages liability and the Mississippi Supreme Court upheld the imposition of tort liability as well as concluding the entire boycott was unlawful since the NAACP agreed to use force, violence, and \u201cthreats\u201d to carryout the boycott.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EAre the nonviolent elements of the petitioners\u2019 activities entitled to the protection of the First Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E(1) If so, is a protest liable in damages caused by the nonviolent, protected activity?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes, no. Justice John Paul Stevens delivered the opinion of the 8-0 majority. The Court held that the nonviolent elements of the protesters\u2019 activities are entitled to the protection of the First Amendment. In this case, the members of the NAACP exercised their First Amendment right of speech, assembly, and petition in a nonviolent way to bring about social change. The NAACP is not liable in damages for the consequences of their nonviolent activity and the damages cannot be recovered because the violence or threats of violence were not a proximate cause of the business losses.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Thurgood Marshall took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":34255,"name":"Lloyd N. 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